Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:05:32.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Evaluation of large-intestinal parameters associated with dietary treatments designed to reduce the occurrence of swine dysentery

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Zorica Durmic
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
David W. Pethick
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Bruce P. Mullan
Affiliation:
Agriculture Western Australia, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
Jeisane M. Accioly
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Hagen Schulze
Affiliation:
Finnfeeds International Limited, PO Box 777, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1XN, UK
David J. Hampson*
Affiliation:
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
*
*Corresponding author:Dr David J. Hampson, fax +61 8 9310 4144, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Diets containing soluble NSP (sNSP) and resistant starch (RS) increase hindgut fermentation in pigs, which in turn increases the incidence of swine dysentery (SD) after infection with the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. In the present study pigs were fed diets based on either wheat or sorghum, fed either raw or treated by extrusion, and/or with the addition of dietary enzymes to reduce RS and/or sNSP content. The aim was to determine the effects of these treatments on pig performance, large intestinal fermentation and expression of SD. Weaned pigs (n 132) were fed experimental diets for 4 weeks, when half the pigs in each treatment group were euthanased and samples collected to assess the influence of the diet on hindgut fermentation. The remaining pigs then were infected with B. hyodysenteriae, and monitored for development of SD. In general, compared with pigs fed raw wheat, fermentation in all parts of the large intestine was reduced either by feeding raw sorghum-based diets, or by feeding diets that were extruded. The addition of enzymes that degrade RS or sNSP reduced fermentation only in the distal parts of the large intestine. The incidence of SD was lower in pigs fed sorghum-based diets, and some of the extruded diets, but none of the dietary treatments offered full protection against SD. Multiple regression analysis of the results from all three experiments showed that colonisation by spirochaetes was highly related to dietary sNSP concentrations, whilst development of SD was similarly influenced by RS content of the diet.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Alexander, TJL & Taylor, DJ (1969) The clinical signs, diagnosis and control of swine dysentery. Veterinary Record 85, 5963.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1988) Official Methods of Analysis, 14th ed. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Bedford, MR & Classen, HL (1992) Reduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosane concentration is affected through changes in the carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and food conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. Journal of Nutrition 122, 560569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengala Freire, J, Aumaiter, A, Peiniau, J & Leberton, Y (1991) Apparent ileal digestibility of starch and α-galactosides from peas by early weaned pigs: effect of extrusion. In The 5th Congress on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, pp. 395400 [Verstegen, MWA, Huisman, J and den Hartog, LA, editors]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc Wageningen.Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, JG, Totsek, R & Tillman, AD (1968) Effect of methods of processing on digestibility and utilization of grain sorghum by cattle and sheep. Journal of Animal Science 27, 525530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cabrera, MR, Hancock, JD, Hines, RH, Behnke, KC & Bramel-Cox, PJ (1994) Sorghum genotype and particle size affect milling characteristics, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, Supp. 2, 55.Google Scholar
Carter, RR & Leibholz, J (1991) Effects of extrusion of wheat on dry matter and starch digestibility in the young pig. In Manipulating Pig Production III, p. 86 [Cranwell, PD, editor]. Werribee, Victoria, Australia: Australasian Pig Science Association.Google Scholar
Choct, M, Hughes, RJ, Trimble, RP, Angkanaporn, K & Annison, G (1995) Non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes increase the performance of broiler chickens fed wheat of low apparent metabolizable energy. Journal of Nutrition 125, 485492.Google ScholarPubMed
Choct, M, Hughes, RJ, Wang, J, Bedford, MR, Morgan, AJ & Annison, G (1996) Increased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. British Poultry Science 37, 606621.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Durmic, Z, Pethick, DW, Mullan, BP, Schulze, H, Accioly, JM & Hampson, DJ (2000) Extrusion of wheat or sorghum and/or addition of exogenous enzymes to pig diets influences the large intestinal microbiota but does not prevent development of swine dysentery following experimental challenge. Journal of Applied Microbiology 89, 678686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, HN (1989) Classification and measurement of plant polysaccharides. Animal Feed Science and Technology 23, 2742.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Englyst, HN, Quigley, ME, Hudson, GJ & Cummings, JH (1992) Determination of dietary fibre as non-starch polysaccharides by gas–liquid chromatography. Analyst 117, 17071714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, HN, Wiggins, HS & Cummings, JH (1982) Determination of the non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods by gas–liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates. Analyst 107, 307318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gill, BP, Garcia, S, Hillman, KH & Schulze, H (1996) Effect of wheat processing and enzyme supplementation of weaner diets on piglet performance and gut health. Journal of Animal Science 62, 635641.Google Scholar
Govers, MJ, Gannon, NJ, Dunshea, FR, Gibson, PR & Muir, JG (1999) Wheat bran affects the site of fermentation of resistant starch and luminal indexes related to colon cancer risk: a study in pigs. Gut 45, 840847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, H, Fadel, JG, Newman, CW & Newman, RK (1989) Effect of pelleting and β-glucanase supplementation on ileal and fecal digestibility of a barley-based diet in the pig. Journal of Animal Science 67, 12931298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hampson, DJ, Pluske, JR & Pethick, DW (2001) Dietary manipulation of enteric disease. In Digestive Physiology of Pigs, pp. 247261 [Lindberg, JE and Ogle, B, editors]. Wallingford, England: CABI Publishing.Google Scholar
Hongtrakul, K, Goodband, RD, Behnke, KC, Nelssen, JL, Tokach, MD, Bergstrom, JR, Nessmith, WB & Kim, IH (1998) The effects of extrusion processing of carbohydrate sources on weanling pig performance. Journal of Animal Science 76, 30343042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inborr, J, Aherns, F & Schmotz, M (1991 a) Effect of supplementary enzymes on ileal nutrient digestibility and post-weaning performance of weaner pigs. In Manipulating Pig Production III, p. 84 [Cranwell, PD, editor]. Werribee, Victoria, Australia: Australasian Pig Science Association.Google Scholar
Inborr, J, Bedford, MR, Patience, JF & Classen, HL (1991 b) The influence of supplementary feed enzymes on nutrients disappearance and digesta characteristics in the GI-tract of early weaned pigs. In The 5th Congress on Digestive Physiology in Pigs, pp. 405410 [Verstegen, MWA, Huisman, J and den Hartog, LA, editors]. Wageningen, Netherlands: Pudoc Wageningen.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, SR & Wingar, CR (1981) Selective medium for the isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Veterinary Record 24, 384385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemm, EH & Brand, TS (1996) Grain sorghum as an energy source for growing pigs. Pig News and Information 17, 87N89N.Google Scholar
Kim, IH, Hancock, JD, Hines, RH & Risley, CR (1994) Effects of cellulase and a bacterial feed additive on the nutritional value of sorghum grain for finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, Suppl 2, 55.Google Scholar
Kopinski, JS, Martin, P, Blight, GW, Pytko, A & Van Melzen, P (1995) Non starch polysaccharides in Australian cereals. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia 1995, p. 179 [Rowe, JN and Nolan, JV, editors]. University of New England, Armidale, NSW: Department of Animal Science.Google Scholar
Kopinski, JS & Willis, JS (1996) Recent advances in utilisation of sorghum for growing pigs. In Third Australian Sorghum Conference, 93, 235250 [Foale, MA, Henzell, RG and Kneipp, JFP, editors]. Melbourne, Tamworth: Australian Institute of Agricultural Science.Google Scholar
Kunkle, RA, Harris, DL & Kinyon, JM (1986) Autoclaved liquid medium for propagation of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 24, 669671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mills, CG, Hines, RH, Hancock, JD & Gugle, TL (1994) Extrusion of sorghum grain and soybeans for lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 72, Suppl. 2, 66.Google Scholar
Muir, JG, Birkett, A, Brown, I, Jones, G & O'Dea, K (1995) Food processing and maize variety affects amounts of starch escaping digestion in the small intestine. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 8289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muir, JG & O'Dea, K (1992) Measurements of resistant starch: factors affecting the amount of starch escaping digestion in vitro. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 123127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muir, JG & O'Dea, K (1993) Validation of an in vitro assay for predicting the amount of starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine of humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, 540546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osman, HF, Theurer, B, Hale, WH & Mehen, SM (1970) Influence of grain processing on in vitro enzymatic starch digestion of barley and sorghum grain. Journal of Nutrition 100, 11331140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Owsley, WF, Knabe, DA & Tanksley, TDJ (1981) Effects of sorghum particle size on digestibility of nutrients at the terminal ileum and over total digestive tract of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 52, 557566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Philips, J, Muir, JG, Birkett, A, Lu, ZX, Jones, GP & O'Dea, K (1995) Effect of resistant starch on fecal bulk and fermentation-dependent events in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 121130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pluske, JR, Durmic, Z, Pethick, DW, Mullan, BP & Hampson, DJ (1998) Confirmation of the role of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates in the expression of swine dysentery in pigs after experimental infection. Journal of Nutrition 128, 17371744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pluske, JR, Siba, PM, Pethick, DW, Durmic, Z, Mullan, BP & Hampson, DJ (1996) The incidence of swine dysentery in pigs can be reduced by feeding diets that limit the amount of fermentable substrate entering the large intestine. Journal of Nutrition 126, 29202933.Google ScholarPubMed
Redel, CA, Shulman, RJ & Tivey, DR (1997) Determinants of lactose digestion in the miniature pig. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 42, 137144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siba, PM, Pethick, DW & Hampson, DJ (1996) Pigs experimentally infected with Serpulina hyodysenteriae can be protected from developing swine dysentery by feeding them a highly digestible diet. Epidemiology and Infection 116, 207216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed