Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:29:31.972Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Estimated intake of milk fat is negatively associated with cardiovascular risk factors and does not increase the risk of a first acute myocardial infarction. A prospective case–control study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Eva Warensjö ,
Jan-Håkan Jansson ,
Lars Berglund ,
Kurt Boman ,
Bo Ahrén ,
Lars Weinehall ,
Bernt Lindahl ,
Göran Hallmans  and
Bengt Vessby
Eva Warensjö
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Jan-Håkan Jansson
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå County Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Lars Berglund
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Kurt Boman
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine-Geriatric, Skellefteå County Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bo Ahrén
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Lars Weinehall
Affiliation:
Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bernt Lindahl
Affiliation:
Behavioral Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Göran Hallmans
Affiliation:
Nutritional Research, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
Bengt Vessby*
Affiliation:
Unit for Clinical Nutrition Research, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Bengt Vessby, fax +46 18 611 7976, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Milk fat is high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high intakes of SFA are associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the potential risk of a first-ever acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to the estimated milk-fat intake, reflected as the proportions of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) in serum lipid esters. This was evaluated in a study population selected within the Västerbotten Intervention Program and the northern Sweden ‘Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular disease’ survey populations. A prospective case–control design was used. The proportions of the biomarkers were lower in the cases (n78) than in the controls (n156), who were matched for age, sex, sampling time and geographical region. The standardised odds ratios of becoming an AMI case were between 0·7 and 0·8 for the biomarkers. The proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 in serum phospholipids were significantly and negatively correlated to serum concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator, triacylglycerols, insulin, specific insulin, pro-insulin and leptin (all P<0·0001), suggesting a negative relationship to the insulin-resistance syndrome and the risk of CHD. Adjustment for BMI did not materially change the relationships. Although there seems to be a negative association between milk-fat intake as mirrored by the proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 in serum lipid esters and a first-ever AMI, adjustment for clinical risk factors removed this relationship.

Keywords

Pentadecanoic acidHeptadecanoic acidMilk fatAcute myocardial infarction
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 4 , April 2004 , pp. 635 - 642
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

Anonymous (1988) The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol 41, 105–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Artaud-Wild, SM, Connor, SL, Sexton, G & Connor, WE (1993) Differences in coronary mortality can be explained by differences in cholesterol in saturated fat intakes in 40 countries but not in France and Finland. Paradox. Circulation 88, 2771–2779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berner, LA (1993) Roundtable discussion on milkfat, dairy foods, and coronary heart disease risk. J Nutr 123, 1175–1184.Google ScholarPubMed
Boberg, M, Croon, LB, Gustafsson, IB & Vessby, B (1985) Platelet FA-composition in relation to fatty acid composition in plasma and to serum lipoprotein lipids in healthy subjects with specific reference to the linoleic acid pathway. Clin Sci 68, 581–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brochier, ML & Arwidson, P (1998) Coronary heart disease risk factors in women. Eur Heart J 19, A45–A52.Google ScholarPubMed
Dougherty, RM, Galli, C, Ferro-Luzzi, A & Iacono, JM (1987) Lipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets and how they are affected by dietary lipids: a study on normal subjects in Italy, Finland and the USA. Am J Clin Nutr 45, 443–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichholzer, M & Stähelin, H (1993) Is there a hypocholesterolemic factor in milk products? Int J Vitam Nutr Res 63, 159–163.Google Scholar
Gensini, GF, Comeglio, M & Colella, A (1998) Classical risk factors and emerging elements in the risk profile for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 19, A53–A61.Google ScholarPubMed
Glatz, JFC, Soffers, EMF & Katan, MB (1989) Fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte membrane as indicators of linoleic intake in man. Am J Clin Nutr 49, 269–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haffner, SM (1996) Cardiovascular risk factors and the prediabetic syndrome. Ann Med 28, 363–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtasaari, F, Asplund, K & Wester, PO (1988) Cardiovascular risk factors in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study. Acta Med Scand 224, 99–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Juhan-Vague, I, Pyke, S, Alessi, MC, Jespersen, J, Haverkate, F & Thompson, SC (1996) Fibrinolytic factors and the risk of myocardial infarction or sudden death in patients with angina pectoris. ECAT Study Group. European Concerted Action on Thrombosis and Disabilities. Circulation 94, 2057–2063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katan, MB, Deslypere, JP, Van Birgelen, APJM, Penders, M & Zegwaard, M (1997) Kinetics of the incorporation of dietary fatty acids into serum cholesteryl esters, erythrocyte membranes, and adipose tissue: an 18-month controlled study. J Lipid Res 38, 2012–2022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keys, A, Menotti, A, Karvonen, MJ, Aravanis, C, Blackburn, C, Buzina, R, Djordjevic, BS, Dontas, AS, Fidanza, F & Keys, MH (1986) The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol 124, 903–915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Libby, P (2000) Changing concepts of atherogenesis. J Intern Med 247, 349–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindahl, B, Dinesen, B, Eliasson, M, Røder, M, Jansson, JH, Huhtasaari, F & Hallmans, G (1999) High proinsulin concentration precedes acute myocardial infarction in a nondiabetic population. Metabolism 48, 1197–1202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, J, Folsom, A, Shahar, E & Eckfeldt, JH (1995) Plasma fatty acid composition as an indicator of habitual dietary fat intake in middle-aged adults. Am J Clin Nutr 62, 565–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mennen, L, Balkau, B & Vol, S (1999) Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen and consumption of dairy products. The DESIR study. Data from an Epidemiological Study on Insulin Resistance Syndrome. Thromb Res 94, 381–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miettinen, TA, Naukkarinen, JK, Huttunen, S, Mattila, S & Kumlin, T (1982) Fatty-acid composition of serum lipids predicts myocardial infarction. Br Med J 285, 993–996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pereira, MA, Jacobs, DR, Van Horn, L, Slattery, ML, Kartashov, AI & Ludwig, DS (2002) Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults. The CARDIA study. JAMA 287, 2081–2089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pietinen, P, Ascherio, A, Korhonen, P, Hartman, AM, Willett, WC, Albanes, D & Virtamo, J (1997) Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. Am J Epidemiol 145, 876–887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuelsson, G, Bratteby, LE, Mohsen, R & Vessby, B (2001) Dietary fat intake in healthy adolescents. Inverse relationships between the estimated intake of saturated fatty acids and serum cholesterol. Br J Nutr 85, 333–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, EJ (2002) Lipoproteins, nutrition and heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr 75, 191–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smedman, A, Gustafsson, IB, Berglund, L & Vessby, B (1999) Pentadecanoic acid in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat: relations between intake of milk and metabolic risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 69, 22–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Söderberg, S, Ahrén, B, Jansson, JH, Johnson, O, Hallmans, G, Asplund, K & Olsson, T (1999) Leptin is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction. J Intern Med 246, 409–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solomon, CG & Manson, JE (1997) Obesity and mortality: a review of epidemiological data. Am J Clin Nutr 66, 1044S–1050S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thörgersen, AM, Jansson, JH, Boman, K, Nilsson, TK, Weinehall, L, Huhtasaari, F & Hallmans, G (1998) High plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator levels in plasma precede a first acute myocardial infarction in both men and women. Evidence for the fibrinolytic system as an independent primary risk factor. Circulation 98, 2241–2247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulbricht, TLV & Southgate, DAT (1991) Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet 338, 985–992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Horn, L (1997) Fiber, lipids and coronary heart disease. Circulation 95, 2701–2704.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vessby, B (2000) Dietary fat and insulin actions in humans. Br J Nutr 83, Suppl. 1, S91–S96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vessby, B, Unsitupa, K, Hermansen, K et al. , (2001) Substituting dietary saturated for monounsaturated fat impairs insulin sensitivity in healthy men and women: the KANWU Study. Diabetologia 44, 312–319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinehall, L, Hallgren, CG, Westman, G, Janlert, U & Wall, S (1998 a) Reduction of selection bias in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease through involvement of primary health care. Scand J Prim Health Care 16, 171–176.Google ScholarPubMed
Weinehall, L, Johnsson, O, Jansson, JH, Boman, K, Huhtasaari, F, Hallmans, G, Dahlen, G & Wall, S (1998 b) Perceived health modifies the effect of biomedical risk factors in the prediction of acute myocardial infarction. An incident case-control study from northern Sweden. J Intern Med 243, 99–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willett, W (1998) Diet and coronary heart disease. In Nutritional Epidemiology, Chapter 15, pp. 414–466 [Willett, W, editor]. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolk, A, Vessby, B, Ljung, H & Barrefors, P (1998) Evaluation of a biological marker of dairy fat intake. Am J Clin Nutr 68, 291–295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolk, A, Furuheim, M & Vessby, B (2001) Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and serum lipids are valid biomarkers of dairy fat intake among men. J Nutr 13, 828–833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z & Palmquist, D.L. (1991) Synthesis and biohydrogenation of fatty acids by ruminal microorganisms in vitro. J Dairy Sci 74, 3035–3046.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yli-Jama, P, Meyer, HE, Ringstad, J & Pedersen, JI (2002) Serum free fatty acid pattern and risk of myocardial infarction: a case-control study. J Intern Med 251, 19–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed