Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T16:14:58.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Energy metabolism of young rats after early postnatal overnutrition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Petra Wiedmer
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DlfE) 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
Sylvia Ortmann
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DlfE) 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
Susanne Klaus*
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DlfE) 14558 Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Susanne Klaus, fax +49 33 200/88 500, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Early postnatal overnutrition (PNO) induced by restricting litter size in rats leads to increased body-weight (BW) and body-fat gain in later life. PNO rats are used as an animal model of moderate obesity and early hyperinsulinism. We investigated whether the increased adiposity could be due to a decreased energy expenditure. Male newborn Wistar rats were raised in litters of either two (SL) or twelve pups (NL), weaned at 4 weeks of age and subsequently fed ad libitum. BW was recorded continuously until 12 weeks of age. Daily energy intake, total daily energy expenditure (EE, measured by indirect calorimetry) and body composition were measured in weaned pups at 5, 8 and 12 weeks of age. SL rats displayed increased BW compared with NL rats from week 2 to 5 and again from week 10 to 12. Lean body mass, body fat and protein content and total EE were increased in SL rats at week 5. The same linear correlation described the relationship between BW and total EE in NL and SL rats. At week 8 to 12 no differences in energy metabolism could be found, but the total fat content was increased in SL rats at week 12. Energy balance, i.e. assimilated energy minus EE, was no different between SL and NL at any time that it was measured. We conclude that although PNO rats display increased adiposity in early life, there seem to be no long-lasting effects on energy metabolism in later life, even if a tendency to increased adiposity can still be detected.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th ed., Arlington, VA: AOAC.Google Scholar
Aust, L, Noack, R, Eschrich, H, Proll, J & Zahn, L (1985) Influence of early postnatal overnutrition on growth, body composition and energy utilization rats. Nahrung 29, 617.Google Scholar
Aust, L, Noack, R & Proll, J (1986) The influence of early postnatal overnutrition on postprandial energy expenditure in rats. Nahrung 30, 451452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bassett, DR & Craig, BW (1988) Influence of early nutrition on growth and adipose tissue characteristics in male and female rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 64, 12491256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cryer, A & Jones, HM (1980) The development of white adipose tissue. Effect of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first year of life in male and female rats. Biochemical Journal 186, 805815.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daenzer, M, Ortmann, S, Klaus, S & Metges, CC (2002) Prenatal high protein exposure decreases energy expenditure and increases adiposity in young rats. Journal of Nutrition 132, 142144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeLany, JP & Lovejoy, JC (1996) Energy expenditure. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 25, 831846.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faust, IM, Johnson, PR & Hirsch, J (1980) Long-term effects of early nutritional experience on the development of obesity in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 110, 20272034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garby, L, Garrow, JS, Jorgensen, B, Lammert, O, Madsen, K, Sorensen, P & Webster, J (1988) Relation between energy expenditure and body composition in man: specific energy expenditure in vivo of fat and fat-free tissue. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 301305.Google ScholarPubMed
Hausberger, FX & Volz, JE (1984) Feeding in infancy, adipose tissue cellularity and obesity. Physiology and Behavior 33, 8187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himms-Hagen, J (1997) On raising energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Science 276, 11321133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmann, L & Klein, M (1980) Die Abhängigkeit der Harnenergie vom Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffgehalt im Ham bei Rindem, Schafen, Schweinen und Ratten (Urine energy content as determined by urine carbon and nitrogen in cattle, sheep, pigs and rats). Archive der Tierernährung 30, 743750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iossa, S, Lionetti, L, Mollica, MP, Barletta, A & Liverini, G (1999) Energy intake and utilization vary during development in rats. Journal of Nutrition 129, 15931596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klaus, S, Münzberg, H, Trüloff, C & Heldmaier, G (1998) Physiology of transgenic mice with brown fat ablation: obesity is due to lowered body temperature. American Journal of Physiology 274, R287R293.Google ScholarPubMed
Knittle, JL & Hirsch, J (1968) Effect of early nutrition on the development of rat epididymal fat pad: cellularity and metabolism. Journal of Clinical Investigation 47, 20912098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, EV & Koeslag, JH (1992) No persistent effect of preweaning nutrition on postweaning food intake, feeding efficiency, or body energy stores in Long–Evans rats. Physiology and Behavior 52, 363372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martorell, R, Stein, AD & Schroeder, DG (2001) Early nutrition and later adiposity. Journal of Nutrition 131, 874S880S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, DS & Personage, SR (1972) The effect of litter size on subsequent energy utilization. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 31, 30A31A.Google ScholarPubMed
Oscai, LB & McGarr, JA (1978) Evidence that the amount of food consumed in early life fixes appetite in the rat. American Journal of Physiology 235, R141R144.Google ScholarPubMed
Parizková, J & Petrásek, R (1979) Impact of early nutrition on later development of spontaneous physical activity and lipid metabolism. Nutrition and Metabolism 23, 266274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plagemann, A, Harder, T, Rake, A, Waas, T, Melchior, K, Ziska, T, Rohde, W & Dorner, G (1999) Observations on the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide Y-system in neonatally overfed weanling rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 11, 541546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plagemann, A, Heidrich, I, Gotz, F, Rohde, W & Dorner, G (1992) Obesity and enhanced diabetes and cardiovascular risk in adult rats due to early postnatal overfeeding. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology 99, 154158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prentice, AM, Black, AE, Coward, WA, Davies, HL, Goldberg, GR, Murgatroyd, PR, Ashford, J, Sawyer, M & Whitehead, RG (1986) High levels of energy expenditure in obese women. British Medical Journal 292, 983987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Proll, J, Petzke, KJ, Ezeagu, IE & Metges, CC (1998) Low nutritional quality of unconventional tropical crop seeds in rats. Journal of Nutrition 128, 20142022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravussin, E & Bogardus, C (1989) Relationship of genetics, age and physical fitness to daily energy expenditure and fuel utilization. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 968975.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravussin, E, Burnand, B, Schutz, Y & Jéquier, E (1982) Twenty-four hour energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate in obese, moderately obese and control subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 35, 566573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmidt, I, Schoelch, C, Ziska, T, Schneider, D, Simon, E & Plagemann, A (2000) Interaction of genetic and environmental programming of the leptin system and of obesity disposition. Physiological Genomics 3, 113120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vickers, MH, Breier, BH, Cutfield, WS, Hofman, PL & Gluckman, PD (2000) Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition. American Journal of Physiology 279, E83E87.Google ScholarPubMed
Voits, M, Forster, S, Rodel, S, Voigt, JP, Plagemann, A & Fink, H (1996) Obesity induced by unspecific early postnatal overfeeding in male and female rats: hypophagic effect of CCK-8S. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 354, 374378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weir, JB (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wurtman, JJ & Miller, SA (1976) Effect of litter size on weight gain in rats. Journal of Nutrition 106, 697701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
You, S, Gotz, F, Rohde, W & Dorner, G (1990) Early postnatal overfeeding and diabetes susceptibility. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology 96, 301306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed