Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T19:31:33.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of reducing the starch content in oat-based diets with cellulose on jejunal flow and absorption of glucose over an isolated loop of jejunum in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2007

Helle N. Johansen  and
K. E. Bach knudsen
Helle N. Johansen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 39, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark Researcg Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Coenhagen, Denmark
K. E. Bach knudsen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Science, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 39, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Four pigs fitted with two sets of re-entrant cannulas in the upper jejunum were used to study the effect of two oat-flour (F)- and oat-bran (B)-based diets without or with (FC and BC respectively) addition of 148 g wood cellulose/kg on jejunal flow and absorption of glucose over an isolated loop of jejunum. Mean transit time (MTT) of flow from the proximal re-entrant cannula increased from approximately 1·5 h with diet F to 2 h when feeding diet BC. Both the replacement of oat flour by oat bran and the supplementation of the diets with cellulose led to a significantly longer MTT for dry matter and the carbohydrates, except that cellulose did not have a significant effect on the MTT for the total non-starch polysaccharides. Only the addition of cellulose significantly delayed gastric emptying of the added liquid-phase (Polyethylene glycol 4000) and solid-phase (Cr2O3) markers, whereas no effect of the oat source used was seen. Feeding diets with a higher level of dietary fibre (DF) and lower content of starch, obtained by substitution with cellulose or by feeding oat bran instead of oat flour, reduced the recovery of starch from an isolated loop of jejunum. Consequently, the quantitative absorption of starch was not significantly different between diets when starch was related to the recovery of external markers. However, when related to the recovery of arabinoxylan (AX) there was a significantly lower absorption of starch from the bran-based diets in comparison with the flour-based diets. The capacity to digest and absorb the large quantities of starch entering the duodenum after a carbohydrate-rich meal appears to be the limiting factor for absorption in the upper jejunum. Therefore, any effect of DF on the rate of absorption of glucose is presumably an effect on gastric emptying rather than displacement of the site of starch absorption in the small intestine.

Keywords

Dietary fibreGastric emptyingGlucose
Type
Metabolic effects of complex carbohydrates
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 72 , Issue 5 , November 1994 , pp. 717 - 729
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1975) Official Methods of Analysis, 11th ed. Washington DC: Association of official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, K. E., Jensen, B. B. & Hansen, I. (1993) Digestion of polysaccharides and other major components in the small and large intestine of pigs fed on diets consisting of oat fractions rich in β-D-glucan. British Journal of Nutrition 70, 537–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, N. A. & Johnson, I. T. (1983) The influence of guar gum on the movements of inulin, glucose and fluid in rat intestine during perfusion in vivo. Pflügers Archiv 397, 144–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackburn, N. A., Redfern, J. S., Jarjis, H., Holgate, A. M., Hanning, I., Scarpello, J. H. B., Johnson, I. T. & Read, N. W. (1984) The mechanism of action of guar gum in improving glucose tolerance in man. Clinical Nutrition 66, 329–336.Google ScholarPubMed
Chang, M. L. W. & Li, B. W. (1984) Effect of gel-forming undigestible polysaccharides versus cellulose on intestinal sugar concentrations and serum glucose levels in rats. Nutrition Reports International 30, 789–796.Google Scholar
Cherbut, C., Albina, E., Champ, M., Doublier, J. L. & Lecannu, G. (1990) Action of guar gums on the viscosity of digestive contents and on the gastrointestinal motor function in pigs. Digestion 46, 205–213.Google Scholar
Cummings, J. H. (1984) Cellulose and the human gut. Gut 25, 805–810.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ebihara, K., Masuhara, R. & Kiriyama, S. (1981) Major determinants of plasma glucose-flattening activity of a water-soluble dietary fiber: effects of konjac mannan on gastric emptying and intraluminal glucose-diffusion. Nutrition Reports International 23, 1145–1156.Google Scholar
Edwards, C. A., Blackburn, N. A., Craigen, L. D., Davison, P., Tomlin, J., Sugden, K., Johnson, I. T. & Read, N. W. (1987) Viscosity of food gums determined in vitro related to their hypoglycemic actions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, 72–77.Google Scholar
Flourie, B. (1992) The influence of dietary fiber on carbohydrate digestion and absorption. In Dietary Fibre: A Component of Food: Nutritional Function in Health and Disease. ILSI Human Nutrition Reviews, pp. 181–196 [Schweizer, T.F. and Edwards, C. A., editors]. London: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Flourie, B., Vidon, N., Florent, C. & Bernier, J. J. (1984) Effect of pectin on jejunal absorption and unstirred layer thickness in normal man. Gut 25, 936–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, G. M. (1992) Starch digestion and absorption in nonruminants. Journal of Nutrition 122, 172–177.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaton, K. W. (1990) Concepts of dietary fibre. In Dietary Fibre: Chemical and Biological Aspects. Royal Society of Chemistry Special Publication no. 83, pp. 3–9 [Southgate, D.A. T., Waldron, K., Johnson, L. T. and Fenwick, G. R., editors]. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.Google Scholar
Holt, S., Heading, R. C., Carter, D. C., Prescott, L. F. & Tothill, P. (1979) Effect of gel fibre on gastric emptying and absorption of glucose and paracetamol. Lancet i, 636–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horszczaruk, F., Buraczewska, L. & Buraczewski, S. (1974) Amount and composition of intestinal juice collected from isolated intestinal loops of jejunum. Roczniki nauk Rolniczych 95, 69–77.Google Scholar
Hyden, S. (1955) A turbidimetric method for the determination of higher polyethylene glucols in biological material. Kungliga Lantbrukshögskolans Annaler 22, 139–145.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Leeds, A. R., Gassull, M. A., Haisman, P., Dilawari, J., Goff, D. V., Metz, G. L. & Alberti, K. G. M. (1978) Dietary fibres, fibre analogues, and glucose tolerance: importance of viscosity. British Medical Journal i, 1392–1394.Google Scholar
Jenkins, D. J. A., Wolever, T. M. S., Taylor, R. H., Barker, H., Fielden, H.., Baldwin, J. M., Bowling, A. C., Newman, H. C., Jenkins, A. L. & Goff, D. V. (1981) Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 362–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johansen, H. N. (1993) Dietary fibre from oats: physico-chemical properties and physiological function in the stomach and small intestine of pigs. PhD Thesis, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Johansen, H. N. & Bach Knudsen, K. E. (1994) Effects of wheat-flour and oat mill fractions on jejunal flow, starch degradation and absorption of glucose over an isolated loop of jejunum in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 299–313.Google Scholar
Johnson, I. T. (1990) Fibre sources for the food industry. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 49, 31–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, I. T. & Gee, J. M. (1981) Effect of gel-forming gums on the intestinal unstirred layer and sugar transport in vitro. Gut 22, 398–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keys, J. E. & DeBarthe, J. V. (1974) Site and extent of carbohydrate, dry matter, energy and protein digestion and the rate of passage of grain diets in swine. Journal of Animal Science 39, 57–62.Google Scholar
Low, A. G. (1990) Nutritional regulation of gastric secretion, digestion and emptying. Nutrition Research Reviews 3, 229–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Low, A. G., Zebrowska, T., Heppell, L. M. J. & Smith, H. A. (1986) Influence of wheat bran, cellulose, pectin and low or high viscosity guar gum on glucose and water absorption from pig jejunum. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 45, 55A.Google Scholar
Lund, E. K., Gee, J. M., Brown, J. C., Wood, P. J. & Johnson, I. T. (1989) Effect of oat gum on the physical properties of the gastrointestinal contents and on the uptake of D-galactose and cholesterol by rat small intestine in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 62, 91–101.Google Scholar
McCleary, B. V. & Glennie-Holmes, M. (1985) Enzymatic quantification of (1→3), (1→4)-D-glucan in barley and malt. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 91, 285–295.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. H., Gu, Y. G., Jehn, D. & Taylor, I. L. (1988) Intragastric vs intraintestinal viscous polymers and glucose tolerance after liquid meals of glucose. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 260–266.Google Scholar
Rainbird, A. L. & Low, A. G. (1986) Effect of various types of dietary fibre on gastric emptying in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 111–121.Google Scholar
Rainbird, A. L., Low, A. G. & Zebrowska, T. (1984) Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loop of jejunum in conscious growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 52, 489–498.Google Scholar
Rérat, A. A., Vaissade, P. & Vaugelade, P. (1984) Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs. 2. Quantitative aspects. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 517–529.Google Scholar
Roberts, F. G., Low, A. G., Morgan, L. M. & Ellis, P. R. (1995) The effect of high viscosity guar gum on net glucose absorption and net apparent insulin and GIP production in the portal blood of the growing pig: a relationship to physico-chemical changes in jejunal digesta. British Journal of Nutrition (In the Press).Google Scholar
Schurch, A. F., Lloyd, L. E. & Crampton, E. W. (1950) The use of chromic oxide as an index for determining the digestibility of a diet. Journal of Nutrition 50, 629–636.Google Scholar
Sels, J. P., Debruin, H., Camps, M. H. T.A., Postmes, T.J.L., Menheere, P., Wolfenbuttel, B. H. R. & Kruseman, A. C. N. (1992) Absence of guar efficacy in complex spaghetti meals on post-prandial glucose and c-peptide levels in healthy control and non-insulin-dependent diabetes-mellitus subjects. Hormone and Metabolic Research 26, 52–58.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1973) Statistical Methods, 6th ed. Ames, Iowa: The Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Stoldt, W. (1952) Suggestions for the standardisation of the determination of fat in foodstuffs. Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel 54, 206–207.Google Scholar
Torsdottir, I., Alpsten, M., Holm, G., Sandberg, A. S. & Tolli, J. (1991) A small dose of soluble alginate-fiber affects post-prandial glycemia and gastric emptying in humans with diabetes. Journal of Nutrition 121,795–799.Google Scholar
Wong, S., Traianedes, K. & O'Dea, K. (1985) Factors affecting the hydrolysis of starch in legumes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42, 38–43.Google Scholar
Wood, P. J., Braaten, J. T., Scott, F. W., Fiedel, D. & Poste, L. M. (1990) Comparisons of viscous properties of oat and guar gum and the effects of these and oat bran on glycemic index. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 38, 153–157.Google Scholar
Zebrowska, T., Low, A. G. & Zebrowska, H. (1983) Studies on gastric digestion of protein and carbohydrate, gastric secretion and exocrine pancreatic secretion in the growing pig. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 401–410.Google Scholar