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Effects of extracts of high- and low-chromium brewer's yeast on metabolism of glucose by hepatocytes from rats fed on high- or low-Cr diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

E. S. Holdsworth  and
E. Neville
E. S. Holdsworth
Affiliation:
Biochemistry Department, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
E. Neville
Affiliation:
Biochemistry Department, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252C, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Abstract

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Brewer's yeast was grown on a defined medium containing glucose, ammonia, salts and vitamins plus tracer 51Cr without (low-Cr) or with (high-Cr) carrier Cr. The two batches of yeast differed by more than 100-fold in Cr content, containing 80 ng and 10 7mu;g Cr/g dry yeast respectively. Extraction and fractionation procedures were designed to isolate Cr complexes with properties similar to those reported for glucose tolerance factor. After weaning, rats were reared on rat cubes (normal diet) or on a diet containing less than 0.1 μg Cr/kg (low-Cr diet), or on the low-Cr diet supplemented with Cr (1 mg Cr/kg). Hepatocytes from these rats were incubated with [U-14C]glucose and incorporation of 14C into glycogen was measured. Incorporation of glucose-C into glycogen was enhanced by some yeast fractions in the presence of insulin, but had less effect in the absence of insulin. No difference could be detected between the responses to fractions from high- or low-Cr yeast extracts, or between responses by hepatocytes from animals fed on normal or low-Cr diets with or without Cr upplementation. Glycogen synthetase (EC 2.4.1.11) activity (total and percentage in the a form) was similar in hepatocytes isolated from animals on the normal and low-Cr diets. Those yeast fractions which enhanced the response to insulin in the 14C-incorporation experiments also enhanced the percentage of the enzyme in the a form in the presence of insulin, but not in the absence of insulin. The presence in yeast extracts of material which enhances the response to insulin by hepatocytes may help to explain the reported beneficial effects of dietary yeast supplements on glucose tolerance.

Keywords

Brewer's yeastChromiumGlucose metabolismRat
Type
Minerals, Nutrition, Metabolism, Bioavailability
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , May 1990 , pp. 623 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

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