Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T19:06:41.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of condensed tannins from Desmodium intortum and Calliandra calothyrsus on protein and carbohydrate digestion in sheep and goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

R. A. Perez-Maldonado  and
B. W. Norton
R. A. Perez-Maldonado
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
B. W. Norton
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of condensed tannins (CT) from the tropical legumes Desmodium intorturn and Calliandra calothyrsus on the digestion and utilization of protein and carbohydrate in sheep and goats. CT-free Centrusema pubescens was also fed for comparison with the CT legumes, and each legume was included (300 g/kg DM) in a basal diet of pangola grass (Digitmia decumbens). Pangola grass alone was used as a control diet. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between sheep and goats for the efficiency of digestion of N (0.574, SE 0.013), organic matter (OM; 0.519, SE 0.010), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0.524, SE 0.011) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF; 0.407, SE 0.016). Diets containing desmodium and calliandra were digested less well in the rumen (64 and 62% of total OM digested) when compared with the pangola and centrosema diets (74 and 73% of total OM digested in rumen). There was an apparent net gain of 30% in ADF across the digestive tract of sheep and goats given calliandra, and this gain was ascribed to the formation of ‘artifact’ fibre as a result of fibre-tannin interaction. Overall, inclusion of legume at 300 g/kg in the diet significantly increased (P>0.05) the concentration of acetic acid and decreased butyric acid concentration in the rumen fluid of sheep and goats. Significantly higher proportions of dietary N apparently reached the abomasum of animals given the diets containing desmodium (50%) and calliandra (56%) when compared with animals given the centrosema and pangola diets (35%). Sheep and goats given the CT diets also had higher excretions of faecal N. This increment of faecal N (14%) did not affect post-rumen N digestion (P>0.05) since animals given CT diets absorbed more N (19%) per kg total OM digested than those given the control diets. It was concluded that whilst the low levels of CT provided in desmodium (1.0%) and calliandra (2.3%) diets protected dietary protein from degradation in the rumen, there were no overall beneficial or detrimental effects of CT in these diets for sheep or goats. A method was developed to categorize CT into fractions representative of their forms (free, protein-bound, and fibre-bound) during the digestion process. A quantitative model of CT metabolism during passage through the digestive tract was developed from the measured exchanges of CT between free, protein-bound and fibre-bound pools in the rumen and lower digestive tract. CT interchange mainly occurred in the reticulo-rumen of both animal species. Desmodium and calliandra free CT showed net losses of 68 and 78% in the rumen respectively and 57 and 68% of the fibre-bound CT was lost in the same site for sheep and goats respectively. However, protein-bound CT increased across the rumen by 73 and 56% for both animal species. Post-rumen losses of the total CT abomasal flow were 86 and 83% (free CT) for sheep and goats respectively, 70 and 66% (protein-bound CT), whilst 28% loss of fibre-bound CT occurred in sheep and goats respectively.

Keywords

Condensed tanninsProteinCarbohydrateSheepGoats
Type
Animal Nutrition
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , October 1996 , pp. 515 - 533
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1996

References

REFERENCES

Ahn, J. H. (1990). Quality assessment of tropical browse legumes: tannin content and nitrogen degradability. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council (1984). The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. In Technical Review ARC Working Party, Suppl. 1. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.Google Scholar
Alam, M. R. (1985). Forage utilization by kids and lambs. PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury (Lincoln College), New Zealand.Google Scholar
Barry, T. N. & Duncan, S. J. (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 1. Voluntary intake. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 485–491.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, T. N. & Manley, T. R. (1984). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 2. Quantitative digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. British Journal of Nutrition 51, 493–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barry, T. N., Manley, T. R. & Duncan, S. J. (1986). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunnrlatus for sheep. 4. Sites of carbohydrate and protein digestion as influenced by dietary reactive tannin concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 55, 123–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bate-Smith, E. C. (1981). Astringent tannins of leaves of Geranium species. Phytochemistry 20, 211–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carre, B. & Brillouet, J. M. (1986). Yield and composition of cell wall residues isolated from various feedstuffs used for non-ruminant farm animals. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37, 341–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, P. G. (1986). Protein degradation in the rumen of sheep fed pangola grass and siratro hay. Master of Agricultural Science Thesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.Google Scholar
Deschamps, A. M. (1989). Microbial degradation of tannins and related compounds. In Plant Cell Wall Polymers Biogenesis and Biodegradation, pp. 559–566 [Lewis, N. G. and Paice, M. G., editors]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domingue, F. B. M., Dellow, D. W. & Barry, T. N. (1991). Comparative digestion in deer, goats and sheep. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 45–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, A. M. & McDonald, I. W. (1964). The chromium-51 complex of ethylenediamine tetracetic acid as a soluble rumen marker. British Journal of Nutrition 18, 153–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, R. & Armstrong, D. G. (1982). The effect of urea plus sodium sulphate on microbial protein production in the rumen of sheep given high alkali-treated barley straw. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, G. J. (1975 a). The use of markers to partition digestion within gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 277–291 [Warner, A. C. I. and McDonald, I. W., editors]. Armidale, NSW: University of New England Publishing Unit.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J. (1975 b). The effect of formaldehyde treatment of a concentrate diet on the passage of solute and particle markers through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 13, 319–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, G. J. (1980). Measurements in sheep of the quantity and composition of rumen digesta and of the fractional outflow rates of digesta constituents. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 31, 1129–1137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goering, H. K. & Van Soest, P. J. (1970). Forage Fibre Analyses. Apparatus, Reagent, Procedures, and Some Applications. Agriculture Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: Agricultural Research Service/US Department of Agriculture.Google Scholar
Goodchild, A. V. (1989). Use of leguminous browse foliage to supplement low quality roughages for ruminants. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.Google Scholar
Graham, N. McC. (1972). Units of metabolic body size for comparisons among adult sheep and cattle. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 9, 352.Google Scholar
Groenewoud, G. & Hunt, H. K. L. (1984). The microbial metabolism of (+)-catechin to two novel diarylpropan-2-ol metabolites in vitro. Xenobiotica 14, 711–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groenewoud, G. & Hunt, H. K. L. (1986). The microbial metabolism of condensed (+)-catechins by rat-caecal microflora. Xenobiotica 16, 99–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, W. T. & Mangan, J. L. (1977). Complexes of the condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) with Fraction 1 leaf protein and with submaxillar mucoprotein, and their reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 28, 126–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, C. (1987). Histology of neutral detergent fibre from a tannin-rich foliage. In Herbivore Nutrition Research, pp. 43–44 [Rose, R. editor]. Brisbane: Australian Society of Animal Production.Google Scholar
Nastis, A. S. & Malechek, J. C. (1981). Digestion and utilization of nutrients in oak browse by goats. Journal of Animal Science 53, 283–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1985). Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep, 6th ed. Washington, DC: NRC, National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Norton, B. W., Peiris, H. & Elliott, R. (1994). Fermentation patterns and diet utilization by cattle, sheep and goats given grain or molasses based rations. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 20, 182–185.Google Scholar
Nuñez-Hernandez, G., Holechek, J. L., Wallace, J. D., Galyean, M. L., Ackimtemb, R. & Cardenas, M. (1989). Influence of native shrubs on nutritional status of goats: nitrogen retention. Journal of Range Management 42, 228–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Maldonado, R. A. (1994). The chemical nature and biological activity of tannins in forage legumes fed to sheep and goats. PhD Thesis, University of Queensland, Australia.Google Scholar
Pritchard, D. A., Martin, P. R. & Rourke, P. K. (1992). The role of condensed tannins in the nutritional value of Mulga (Acacia aneura) for sheep. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 1739–1746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purchas, R. W. & Keogh, R. G. (1984). Fatness of lambs grazed on grassland maku lotus and grasslands huia white clover. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 44, 219–221.Google Scholar
Rebole, A., Alvira, P. & Gonzales, G. (1990). Relationship among compositional data of fibrous by-products as determined by two different extractions in the detergent system of analysis. Influence on the prediction of the digestibility. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 53, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, M. R., Chandrasekharaja, H., Govindajah, T. & Reddy, G. V. N. (1993). Effect of physical processing on the nutritive value of sugar cane bagasse in goats and sheep. Small Ruminant Research 10, 25–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reddy, G. V. N. & Reddy, M. R. (1994). Effect of processing of Heteropogon contortus hay on nutrient utilization in goats and sheep. Small Ruminant Research 13, 15–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rittner, U. & Reed, J. D. (1992). Phenolics and in-vitro degradability of protein and fibre in West African browse. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 58, 21–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, I. C. & Griffiths, L. A. (1980). Identification of the major biliary metabolite of (+)-catechin in the rat. Xenobiotica 10, 905–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singleton, V. L. & Rossi, J. A. Jr (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 16, 143–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chee, M. Tan (1988). Utilization of low quality roughages by goats and sheep. PhD Thesis, University of Canterbury (Lincoln College), New Zealand.Google Scholar
Tan, T. N., Weston, R. H. & Hogan, J. P. (1971). Use of 103Ru-labelled tris (1,1O-phenanthroliue) ruthenium (II) chloride as a marker in digestion studies with sheep. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 22, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terrill, T. H., Rowan, A. M., Douglas, G. B. & Barry, T. N. (1992). Determination of extractable and bound condensed tannin concentration in forage plants, protein concentrate meals and cereal grains. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 58, 321–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrill, T. H., Waghorn, G. C., Woolley, D. J., McNabb, W. C. & Barry, T. N. (1994). Assay and digestion of 14C- labelled condensed tannins in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 72, 467–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, D. E., Beever, D. E., Harrison, D. G., Hill, I. W. & Osbourn, D. F. (1971). The digestion of dried lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and dried sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) by sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 30, 14A.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, P. J., Conklin, N. L. & Horvath, P. J. (1987). Tannins in foods and feeds. In Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers Proceedings, pp. 115–122. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University.Google Scholar
Waghorn, G. C. (1990). Effect of condensed tannin on protein digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 18, 412–415.Google Scholar
Waghorn, G. C., Jones, W. T. & Shelton, I. D. (1987). The nutritive value of Lotus corniculatus L. containing low and medium concentrations of condensed tannins for sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 47, 75–80.Google Scholar