Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T20:42:33.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of 14 weeks of progressive endurance training on energy expenditure in elderly people

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Béatrice Morio ,
Christophe Montaurier ,
Gisèle Pickering ,
Patrick Ritz ,
Nicole Fellmann ,
Jean Coudert ,
Bernard Beaufrère  and
Michel Vermorel
Béatrice Morio
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, LNH, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Christophe Montaurier
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, LNH, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Gisèle Pickering
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Place H. Dunant 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Patrick Ritz
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, LNH, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Nicole Fellmann
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Place H. Dunant 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Jean Coudert
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, 28 Place H. Dunant 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Bernard Beaufrère
Affiliation:
Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, LNH, BP 321-58 rue Montalembert, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand cédex 1, France
Michel Vermorel*
Affiliation:
INRA, U. Métabolismes Energétique et Lipidique, 63122 Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
*
*Dr Michel Vermorel, fax +33 4 73 62 46 39, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Effects of progressive endurance training on energy expenditure (EE) were studied in thirteen elderly sedentary subjects (62.8 (sd 2.3) years) after 7 and 14 weeks of training. Daily EE (DEE) and energy cost of the various usual activities were measured over 48 h by whole-body indirect calorimetry. Free-living DEE (DEEFLC) was calculated from 7 d activity recordings and the energy costs of activities were measured in the calorimeters using the factorial method. DEEFLC did not vary significantly throughout the training period despite the additional energy cost of training sessions (0·60 (sd 0·15) MJ/d), because energy expended during free-living activities (EEACT) decreased by 4·8 (sd 7·1) % (P < 0·05) and 7·7 (sd 8·6) % (P < 0·01) after 7 and 14 weeks of training respectively. Measurements in the calorimeters showed that sleeping metabolic rate transiently increased by 4·6 (sd 3·2) % after 7 weeks of training (P < 0·001) and returned to its initial level after 14 weeks of training. BMR was 7·6 (sd 7·0)%(P < 0·01) and 4·1 (sd 6·1)% (P = NS) higher after 7 and 14 weeks of training respectively, than before training. Likewise, diet-induced thermogenesis increased from 3·7 (sd 2·5) to 7·2 (sd 2·8) % energy intake after 7 weeks of training (P < 0·05), and returned to its initial level after 14 weeks of training (4·2 (sd 2·6) % energy intake). Despite these changes, energy expended during activities and the corresponding DEE did not vary throughout the training period. It was concluded that: (1) DEEFLC remained constant throughout the training period due to a compensatory decrease in free-living EEACT; (2) progressive endurance training induced a transient increase in sleeping metabolic rate, BMR and diet-induced thermogenesis after 7 weeks which was not reflected in the energy expended during activities and DEE.

Keywords

Energy expenditureEndurance trainingElderly people
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 80 , Issue 6 , December 1998 , pp. 511 - 519
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Bahr, R, Hansson, P & Sejersted, OM (1990) Triglyceride/fatty acid cycling is increased after exercise. Metabolism 39, 993–999.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chatard, JC & Denis, D (1994) Aptitude physique du sujet âgé (Physical capacity in the elderly). Annales de Réadaptation Médicale et Physique 37, 423–429.Google Scholar
Coward, WA (1990) Calculations of pool sizes and flux rates. In The Doubly-Labelled Water Method for Measuring Energy Expenditure. Technical Recommendations for Use in Humans, pp. 48–68 [Prentice, AM, editor]. Vienna: IAEA.Google Scholar
Cunningham, DA, Rechnitzer, PA, Howard, JH & Donner, AP (1987) Exercise training of men at retirement: a clinical trial. Journal of Gerontology 42, 17–23.Google Scholar
Durnin, JVGA & Womersley, J (1974) Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. British Journal of Nutrition 32, 77–97.Google Scholar
Evans, WJ (1996) Effects of aging and exercise on nutrition needs of the elderly. Nutrition Reviews 54, S35–S39.Google Scholar
Ewart, HS & Klip, A (1995) Hormonal regulation of the Na+-K+-ATPase: mechanisms underlying rapid and sustained changes in pump activity. American Journal of Physiology 269, C295–C311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flynn, MA, Nolph, GB, Baker, AS, Martin, WM & Krause, G (1989) Total body potassium in aging humans: a longitudinal study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 713–717.Google Scholar
Golay, A, Schutz, Y, Broquet, C, Moeri, R, Felber, JP & Jéquier, E (1983) Decreased thermogenic response to an oral glucose load in older subjects. Journal of the American Geriatric Society 31, 144–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goran, MI & Poehlman, ET (1992) Endurance training does not enhance total energy expenditure in healthy elderly persons. American Journal of Physiology 263, E950–E957.Google Scholar
Hersey, WC, III,, Graves JE, Pollock, ML, Gingerich, R, Shireman, RB, Heath, GW, Spierto, F, McCole, SD & Hagberg, JM (1994) Endurance exercise training improves body composition and plasma insulin responses in 70- to 79-year-old men and women. Metabolism 43, 847–854.Google Scholar
Horber, FF, Kohler, SA, Lippuner, K & Jaeger, P (1996) Effect of regular physical training on age-associated alteration of body composition in men. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 26, 279–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohrt, WM, Spina, RJ, Ehsani, AA, Cryer, PE & Holloszy, JO (1993) Effects of age, adiposity, and fitness level on plasma catechol-amine responses to standing and exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 1828–1835.Google Scholar
Massé-Biron, J, Ahmaidi, S, Adam, B & Préfaut, C (1993) Intérêt d'un réentraînement aérobie individualisé au niveau du seuil ventilatoire chez des sujets âgés (Relevance of individualized aerobic training at ventilatory threshold in elderly people). Science et Sports 8, 251–259.Google Scholar
Meredith, CN, Frontera, WR, Fisher, EC, Hughes, VA, Herland, JC, Edwards, J & Evans, WJ (1989) Peripheral effects of endurance training in young and old subjects. Journal of Applied Physiology 66, 2844–2849.Google Scholar
Morio, B, Beaufrère, B, Montaurier, C, Verdier, E, Ritz, P, Fellmann, N, Boirie, Y & Vermorel, M (1997a) Gender differences in energy expended during activities and in daily energy expenditure of elderly people. American Journal of Physiology 273, E321–E327.Google Scholar
Morio, B, Ritz, P, Verdier, E, Montaurier, C, Beaufrère, B & Vermorel, M (1997b) Critical evaluation of the factorial and heart-rate recording methods for the determination of energy expenditure of free-living elderly people. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 709–722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pannemans, DLE, Bouten, CVC & Westerterp, KR (1995) 24 h-energy expenditure during standardized activity protocol in young and elderly men. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 49–56.Google Scholar
Pi-Sunyer, FX & Segal, KR (1992) Relationship of diet and exercise. In Energy Metabolism: Tissue Determinants and Cellular Corollaries, pp. 187–210 [Kinney, JM and Tucker, HN, editors]. New York, NY: Raven Press Ltd.Google Scholar
Poehlman, ET, Gardner, AW, Arviero, PJ, Goran, MI & Calles-Escandon, J (1994) Effects of endurance training on total fat oxidation in elderly persons. Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 2281–2287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poehlman, ET, Gardner, AW & Goran, MI (1992) Influence of endurance training on energy intake, norepinephrine kinetics, and metabolic rate in older individuals. Metabolism 41, 941–948.Google Scholar
Prentice, AM (1992) Energy expenditure in the elderly. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 46, Suppl. 3, 21–28.Google Scholar
Romijn, JA, Klein, S, Coyle, EF, Sidossis, S & Wolfe, RR (1993) Strenuous endurance training increases lipolysis and triglyceride–fatty acid cycling at rest. Journal of Applied Physiology 75, 108–113.Google Scholar
Schmidt, TA, Hasselbalch, S, Farrell, PA, Vestergaard, H & Kjeldsen, K (1994) Human and rodent Na+-K+-ATPase in diabetes related to insulin, starvation, and training. Journal of Applied Physiology 76, 2140–2146.Google Scholar
Schoeller, DA, Van Santen, E, Peterson, DW, Dietz, W, Jaspan, J & Klein, PD (1980) Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33, 2686–2693.Google Scholar
Siri, WB (1956) The gross composition of the body. In Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Vol. 4, pp. 238–280 [Tobias, CA and Lawrence, JH, editors]. New York, NY: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Tataranni, PA, Larson, DE, Snitker, S & Ravussin, E (1995) Thermic effect of food in humans: methods and results from use of a respiratory chamber. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 1013–1019.Google Scholar
Tonino, RP (1989) Effect of physical training on the insulin resistance of aging. American Journal of Physiology 256, E352–E356.Google Scholar
Tzankoff, SP, Robinson, S, Pyke, FS & Brawn, CA (1972) Physiological adjustments to work in older men as affected by physical training. Journal of Applied Physiology 33, 346–350.Google Scholar
Vermorel, M, Bitar, A & Vernet, J (1995) Détermination des dépenses énergétiques des animaux et de l'homme par calorimétrie indirecte; 3, contrôle de la validité des mesures (Energy expenditure determination in animals and in humans using indirect calorimetry; 3, check of measurement validity). Cahiers Techniques de l'INRA 35, 63–76.Google Scholar
Visser, M, Deurenberg, P, van Staveren, WA & Hautvast, JGAJ (1995) Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in young and elderly subjects: relationship with body composition, fat distribution, and physical activity level. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 772–778.Google Scholar
Weir, JB de V (1949) New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology 109, 1–9.Google Scholar
Westerterp, KR, Meijer, GAL, Schffelen, O & Janssen, EME (1994) Body mass, body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before, during and after endurance training. European Journal of Applied Physiology 69, 203–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolfe, RR, Klein, S, Carraro, F & Weber, JM (1990) Role of triglyceride–fatty acid cycle in controlling fat metabolism in humans during and after exercise. American Journal of Physiology 258, E382–E389.Google ScholarPubMed
Yamanouchi, K, Nakajima, H, Shinozaki, T, Chikada, K, Kato, K, Oshida, Y, Osawa, I, Sato, J, Sato, Y, Higuchi, M & Kobayashi, S (1992) Effects of daily physical activity on insulin action in the elderly. Journal of Applied Physiology 73, 2241–2245.Google Scholar