Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T23:18:39.587Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of whey acidic protein fractions on bone loss in the ovariectomised rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Marlena C. Kruger*
Affiliation:
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston, North New Zealand
Gabrielle G. Plimmer
Affiliation:
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston, North New Zealand
Linda M. Schollum
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston, North New Zealand
Neill Haggarty
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston, North New Zealand
Satyendra Ram
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston, North New Zealand
Kate Palmano
Affiliation:
Fonterra Research Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston, North New Zealand
*
*Corresponding author: Associate Professor M. C. Kruger, fax +64 6 350 5446, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Bovine milk has been shown to contain bioactive components with bone-protective properties. Earlier studies on bovine milk whey protein showed that it suppressed bone resorption in the female ovariectomised rat. A new osteotropic component was subsequently identified in the whey basic protein fraction, but bone bioactivity may also be associated with other whey fractions. In the present study, we investigated whether acidic protein fractions isolated from bovine milk whey could prevent bone loss in mature ovariectomised female rats. Six-month-old female rats were ovariectomised (OVX) or left intact (sham). The OVX rats were randomised into four groups. One group remained the control (OVX), whereas three groups were fed various whey acidic protein fractions from milk whey as 3g/kg diet for 4 months. Outcomes were bone mineral density, bone biomechanics and markers of bone turnover. Bone mineral density of the femurs indicated that one of the whey AF over time caused a recovery of bone lost from OVX. Plasma C-telopeptide of type I collagen decreased significantly in all groups except OVX control over time, indicating an anti-resorptive effect of whey acidic protein. Biomechanical data showed that the AF may affect bone architecture as elasticity was increased by one of the whey AF. The femurs of AF-supplemented rats all showed an increase in organic matter. This is the first report of an acidic whey protein fraction isolated from milk whey that may support the recovery of bone loss in vivo.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Ballard, FJ, Nield, MK, Francis, GL, Dahlenberg, GW & Wallace, JC (1982) The relationship between the insulin content and inhibitory effect of bovine colostrums on protein breakdown in cultured cells. J Cell Physiol 110, 249254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bayless, KJ, David, GE & Meininger, GA (1997) Isolation and biological properties of osteopontin from bovine milk. Prot Expression Purif 9, 309314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camara-Martos, F & Amaro-Lopez, MA (2002) Influence of dietary factors on calcium bioavailability. Biologic Trace Element Res 89, 4352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cox, DA & Burk, R (1991) Isolation and characterisation of milk growth factor, a transforming-growth-factor-beta 2-related polypeptide from bovine milk. Eur J Biochem 197, 353358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delisle, J, Amiot, J & Dore, F (1995) Biological availability of calcium and magnesium from dairy products. Int Dairy J 5, 8796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denhardt, DT & Noda, M (1998) Osteopontin expression and function: role in bone remodelling. J Cell Biochem 30/31, Suppl., 92102.3.0.CO;2-A>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gravallese, EM (2003) Osteopontin: a bridge between bone and the immune system. J Clin Invest 112, 147148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaney, RP (2000) Calcium, dairy products and osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 19, 83S99S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horton, MA, Taylor, ML, Arnett, TR & Helfrich, MH (1991) Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and the anti-vitronectin receptor antibody 23C6 inhibit dentine resorption and cell spreading by osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 195, 368375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ito, T (1991) Science of breast milk. New Food Ind 33, 7380.Google Scholar
Kalu, DN (1991) The ovariectomised rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Bone Mineral 15, 175192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, O, Cusack, S & Cashman, KD (2003) The effect of bovine whey protein on ectopic bone formation in young growing rats. Brit J Nutr 90, 557564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klagsbrun, M & Neumann, J (1979) The mitogenic effect of human breast milk. J Surg Res 26, 417422.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kruger, MC, Brown, KE, Collett, GG, Layton, L & Schollum, LM (2003) The effect of fructooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerisation on calcium bioavailability in the growing rat. Exp Biol Med 228, 683688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lerner, UH, Johansson, L, Ranjso, M, et al. (1997) Cystatin C, an inhibitor of bone resorption produced by osteoblasts. Acta Physiol Scand 161, 8192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moskilde, L (1995) Assessing bone quality – animal models in preclinical osteoporosis research. Bone 17, 343S352S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council (1995) Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, 4th edn. Washington DC, USA: National Academic Press.Google Scholar
Neeser, J-R, Offord, CE, Felix, R et al. , (2000) Milk protein hydrolysate for addressing bone as a dental disorder. World patent WO 00/49885.Google Scholar
Omi, N & Ezawa, I (1995) The effect of ovariectomy on bone metabolism in rats. Bone 17, 163S168S.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pacha, J (2000) Development of intestinal transport function in mammals. Physiol Rev 80, 16331667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parikka, V, Lehenkari, P, Sassi, M-J, et al. (2001) Estrogen reduces the depth of resorption pits by disturbing the organic matrix degradation activity of osteoclasts. Endocrinol 142, 53715378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, JS, Oyajobi, BO & Russell, RG (1994) The cell biology of bone growth. Eur J Clin Nutr 48, 131149.Google ScholarPubMed
Reid, IR, Cornish, J, Haggarty, NW & Palmano, KP (2004) Bone health compositions derived from milk. US patent US2004052860.Google Scholar
Scholz-Ahrens, KE, Schaafsma, G, Van der Heuvel, EGHM & Schrezenmeir, J (2001) Effects of prebiotics on mineral metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 73, Suppl., 459S464S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sorensen, ES & Petersen, T (1993) Purification and characterization of three proteins from the proteose peptone fraction of bovine milk. J Dairy Res 60, 189197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swaminathan, R (2001) Biochemical markers of bone turnover. Clin Chim Acta 313, 95105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takada, Y, Aoe, S & Kumegawa, M (1996) Whey protein stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 223, 445449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takada, Y, Kobayashi, N, Kato, K, et al. (1997 a) Effects of protein on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 43, 199210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takada, Y, Matsuyama, H, Kato, K, et al. (1997 b) Milk whey protein enhances the bone breaking force in ovariectomised rats. Nutr Res 17, 17091720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takada, Y, Yahiro, M & Nakajima, I (1993) Effect of milk components on calcium absorption and bone metabolism. In Characterisation of Milk Components and Health, pp. 171185 [Yamauchi, K, Imamura, T and Morita, T, editors]. Tokyo: Kousikan.Google Scholar
Termine, JD & Robey, PG (1996) Bone matrix and the mineralisation process. In Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, 3rd ed., pp. 2428 [Favus, MJ, editor]. New York: Lippincott-Raven American Society of Bone and Mineral Research.Google Scholar
Thomson, AB & Keelan, M (1986) The development of the small intestine. Can J Phys Pharmacol 64, 1329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, DD, Simmons, HA, Pirie, CM & Ke, HZ (1995) FDA Guidelines and animal models for osteoporosis. Bone 17, 125S133S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toba, YT, Takada, Y, Tanaka, M & Aoe, S (1999) Comparison of the effects of milk components and calcium source on calcium bioavailability in growing male rats. Nutr Res 19, 449459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toba, Y, Takada, Y, Yamamura, J, et al. (2000) Milk basic protein: a novel protective function of milk against osteoporosis. Bone 27, 403408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tremblay, L, Laporte, MF, Leonil, J, Dupont, D & Paquin, P (2003) Quantitation of proteins in milk and milk products. In Advanced Dairy Chemistry, 3rd ed., vol. 1 Proteins, p. 5565 [Fox, PF and McSweeney, PLH, editors]. New York: Kluwer-Plenum.Google Scholar
Tsuchita, H, Goto, T & Yonehara, Y (1995) Calcium and phosphorus availability from casein phosphopeptides in male growing rats. Nutr Res 15, 16571667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar