Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:41:34.027Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of underfeeding on metabolism of portal-drained viscera in ewes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Pierre Nozière ,
Didier Rémond ,
Laurence Bernard  and
Michel Doreau
Pierre Nozière*
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Didier Rémond
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Laurence Bernard
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
Michel Doreau
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherche sur les Herbivores, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
*
*Corresponding author: Pierre Nozière, fax +33 4 73 62 42 73, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We investigated whether short-term underfeeding could induce adaptative mechanisms in portal-drained viscera (PDV) that would allow nutrients to be spared for vital functions in adult ewes. Six ewes (three of them fitted with catheters in the mesenteric artery and portal and mesenteric veins) were fed, in a double 3×3 Latin square design (2 weeks per experimental period), a regrowth of natural grassland hay at 143 (high; H), 88 (medium; M) and 51 (low; L) % of their energy maintenance requirements. The digestibility of the diet was measured in all six ewes and the net portal fluxes of nutrients in the three catheterized ewes. The organic matter content and N digestibility of the diet were not affected by underfeeding. Urinary and faecal N losses and N balance were linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentration of acetate was linearly related to feed intake. Arterial concentrations of the other volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, glucose, NH3, urea and total amino acids were not affected by underfeeding. Arterial concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increased with underfeeding. The portal net release of all volatile fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate and NH3 were linearly related to intake. The portal net flux of both essential and non-essential amino acids, and thus total amino acids, remained unchanged between levels H and M, and decreased between levels M and L. A significant net uptake for glycine and total non-essential amino acids occurred at level L. The portal net uptake of glucose, urea, glutamate and glutamine, and the portal net release of lactate and NEFA were not affected by underfeeding. Summation of portal energy fluxes indicated that 51 % of the metabolizable energy intake was recovered in the portal blood with the three levels of intake. In conclusion, no quantitative adaptation to spare energy, in terms of percentage of intake, occurred in PDV of short-term underfed ruminants, but the pattern of absorption of energetic nutrients was modified.

Keywords

RuminantUnderfeedingPortal fluxes
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 84 , Issue 6 , December 2000 , pp. 821 - 828
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

References

Atti, N, Nozière, P, Doreau, M, Kayouli, C & Bocquier, F (2000) Effects of underfeeding and refeeding on offal weight in Barbary ewe. Small Ruminant Research 38, 37–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnouin, J, El Idilbi, N, Chilliard, Y, Chacornac, JP & Lefaivre, R (1986) Micro-dosage automatisé sans déprotéinisation du 3-hydroxybutyrate plasmatique chez les bovins (Automated micro-analysis of bovine plasma 3-hydroxybutyrate). Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires 17, 129–139.Google Scholar
Bergman, EN & Wolff, JE (1971) Metabolism of volatile fatty acids by liver and portal drained viscera in sheep. American Journal of Physiology 221, 586–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bratton, CA & Marshall, EK (1939) A new coupling component for sulfanil-amide determination. Journal of Biological Chemistry 128, 537–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brighenti, F (1997) Simple method for quantitative analysis of short chain fatty acids in serum by gas-liquid chromatography. In Plant Polysaccharides in Human Nutrition: Structure, Function, Digestive Fate & Metabolic Effects, pp. 114–119 [Guillon, F, Abraham, G, Amado, R, Andersson, H, Asp, HG, Bach Knudsen, KE, Champ, M and Robertson, J, editors]. Nantes, France: INRA.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Bocquier, F & Doreau, M (1998) Digestive and metabolic adaptations of ruminants to undernutrition, and consequences on reproduction. A review. Reproduction Nutrition Development 38, 131–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirio, A & Boivin, R (1990) Urea recycling from the renal pelvis in sheep: a study with (14C) urea. American Journal of Physiology 258, F1196–F1202.Google ScholarPubMed
De Visser, H, Valk, H, Klop, A, Van Der Meulen, J, Bakker, JGM & Huntington, GB (1997) Nutrient fluxes in splanchnic tissue of dairy cows: influence of grass quality. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1666–1673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisemann, JH & Nienaber, JA (1990) Tissue and whole-body oxygen uptake in fed and fasted steers. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 399–411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freetly, HC, Ferrell, CL, Jenkins, TG & Goetsch, AL (1995) Visceral oxygen consumption during chronic feed restriction and realimentation in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 73, 843–852.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gabel, M & Poppe, S (1986) Untersuchungen zum protein- und aminosäurenumsatz im verdauungstrakt bei wachsenden jungbullen. 5. Fluss von aminosäuren ins duodenum (Investigations into protein and amino acid metabolism in the digestive tract of growing bulls. 5. Flow of amino acids into the duodenum). Archiv für Tierernährung 36, 429–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goering, HK & Van Soest, PJ (1970) Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications). Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: ARS-UDSA.Google Scholar
Goetsch, AL (1998) Splanchnic tissue energy use in ruminants that consume forage-based diets ad libitum. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2737–2746.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmeyer, J & Martens, H (1980) Aspects of urea metabolism in ruminants with reference to the goat. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 1707–1728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbein, JH, Van Maanen, RW, McGilliard, AD & Young, JW (1978) Rumen propionate and blood glucose kinetics in growing cattle fed isoenergetic diets. Journal of Nutrition 108, 994–1001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hogan, JP & Weston, RH (1967) The digestion of chopped and ground roughages by sheep. II. The digestion of nitrogen and some carbohydrate fractions in the stomach and intestines. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 18, 803–819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, GB (1989) Hepatic urea synthesis and site and rate of urea removal from blood of beef steers fed alfalfa hay or high concentrate diet. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, 215–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huntington, GB (1990) Energy metabolism in the digestive tract and liver of cattle: influence of physiological state and nutrition. Reproduction Nutrition Development 30, 35–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB (1999) Nutrient metabolism by gastrointestinal tissues of herbivores. In Nutritional Ecology of Herbivores, pp. 312–336 [HJG, Jung and GC, Fahey, editors]. Savoy, IL: ASAS.Google Scholar
Huntington, GB & Prior, RL (1983) Digestion and absorption of nutrients by beef heifers fed a high concentrate diet. Journal of Nutrition 113, 2280–2288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB & Prior, RL (1985) Net absorption of amino acids by portal-drained viscera and hind half of beef cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 60, 1491–1499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB, Prior, RL & Britton, RA (1981) Glucose and lactate absorption and metabolic interrelationships in steers changed from low to high concentrate diets. Journal of Nutrition 111, 1164–1172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB, Varga, GA, Glenn, BP & Waldo, DR (1988) Net absorption and oxygen consumption by Holstein steers fed alfalfa or orchardgrass silage at two equalized intakes. Journal of Animal Science 66, 1292–1302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huntington, GB, Zetina, EJ, Whitt, JM & Potts, W (1996) Effects of dietary concentrate level on nutrient absorption, liver metabolism, and urea kinetics of beef steers fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets. Journal of Animal Science 74, 908–916.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
INRA (1989) Ruminant Nutrition Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables [Jarrige, R, editor]. Paris, France: INRA/John Libbey Eurotext.Google Scholar
Isserty, A, Ortigues, I & Rémond, D (1998) Mesure des débits splanchniques par dilution de marqueur: comparaison de quatre méthodes de dosage de l'acide para-amino-hippurique. (Measurement of splanchnic blood flows by marker dilution: comparison of four analytical methods of para-amino-hippuric acid). Reproduction Nutrition Development 38, 93–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janes, AN, Weekes, TEC & Armstrong, DG (1985) Absorption and metabolism of glucose by the mesenteric-drained viscera of sheep fed on dried-grass or ground, maize-based diets. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 449–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, RJ, Johnson, KA & Baldwin, RL (1990) Changes in liver and gastrointestinal tract energy demands in response to physiological workload in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 120, 649–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katz, ML & Bergman, EN (1969) Simultaneous measurements of hepatic and portal blood flow in the sheep and dog. American Journal of Physiology 216, 946–952.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koong, LJ, Ferrell, CL & Nienaber, JA, (1982) Effects of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in swine and sheep. In Energy Metabolism in Farm Animals, pp. 245–248 [Ekern, A and Sundstøl, F, editors]. Lillehammer, Norway: Agricultural University of Norway.Google Scholar
Krehbiel, CR, Harmon, DL & Schnieder, JE (1992) Effect of increasing ruminal butyrate on portal and hepatic nutrient flux in steers. Journal of Animal Science 70, 904–914.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kristensen, NB, Danfaer, A, Tetens, V & Agergaard, N (1996) Portal recovery of intraruminally infused short-chain fatty acids in sheep. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 46, 26–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindsay, DR (1993) Metabolism of the portal drained viscera. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, pp. 267–289 [Forbes, JM and France, J, editors]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.Google Scholar
Lobley, GE (1993) Protein metabolism and turnover. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism, pp. 313–339 [Forbes, JM and France, J, editors]. Wallingford, Oxon: CAB International.Google Scholar
Lomax, MA & Baird, GD (1983) Blood flow and nutrient exchange across the liver and gut of the dairy cow. Effects of lactation and fasting. British Journal of Nutrition 49, 481–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsh, WH, Fingerhut, B & Miller, H (1965) Automated and manual direct methods for the determination of blood urea. Clinical Chemistry 11, 624–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neutze, SA, Gooden, JM & Oddy, VH (1997) Measurement of protein turnover in the small intestine of lambs. 2. Effects of feed intake. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 128, 233–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norton, BW, Mackintosh, JB & Armstrong, DG (1982) Urea synthesis and degradation in sheep given pelleted-grass diets containing flaked barley. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 249–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nozière, P, Martin, C, Rémond, D, Kristensen, NB, Bernard, R & Doreau, M (2000) Effect of composition of ruminally-infused short-chain fatty acids on net fluxes of nutrients across portal-drained viscera in underfed ewes. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 521–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obara, Y, Dellow, DW & Nolan, JV (1991) Effects of energy-rich supplements on nitrogen kinetics in ruminants. In Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants, pp. 313–339 [Tsuda, T, Sasaki, Y and Kawashima, R, editors]. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ortigues, I (1991) Adaptation du métabolisme énergétique des ruminants à la sous-alimentation. Quantification au niveau de l'animal entier et de tissus corporels (Adaptation of energy metabolism to undernutrition in ruminants. Quantification in whole animal and in individual body tissues). Reproduction Nutrition Development 31, 593–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortigues, I & Doreau, M (1995) Responses of the splanchnic tissues of ruminants to changes in intake: absorption of digestion end products, tissue mass, metabolic activity and implications to whole animal energy metabolism. Annales de Zootechnie 44, 321–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortigues, I & Durand, D (1995) Adaptation of energy metabolism to undernutrition in ewes. Contribution of portal-drained viscera, liver and hindquarters. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 209–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ortigues, I, Durand, D & Lefaivre, J (1994) Use of para-amino hippuric acid to measure blood flows through portal-drained-viscera, liver and hindquarters in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 122, 299–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patil, AR, Goetsch, AL, Park, KK, Kouakou, B, Galloway, DLSrWest, CP & Johnson, ZB (1995) Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in sheep fed tropical vs. temperate grass hay of moderate or low qualities. Livestock Production Science 43, 49–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rémond, D, Bernard, L & Poncet, C (2000) Free and peptide amino acid net flux across the rumen and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 78, (In the Press).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rémond, D, Chaise, JP, Delval, E & Poncet, C (1993) Net flux of metabolites across the ruminal wall of sheep fed twice a day with orchardgrass hay. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2529–2538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rémond, D, Ortigues-Marty, I, Isserty, A & Lefaivre, J (1998) Technical note: Measuring portal blood flow in sheep using an ultrasonic transit time flow probe. Journal of Animal Science 76, 2712–2716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK (1995) Quantitative aspects of liver metabolism in ruminants. In Ruminant Physiology: Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction, pp. 351–371 [van Engelhardt, W, Leonhard-Marek, S, Breves, G and Giesecke, D, editors]. Stuttgart, German: Ferdinand Enke Verlag.Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK & Huntington, GB (1988) Partition of portal-drained visceral net flux in beef steers. 1. Blood flow and net flux of oxygen, glucose and nitrogenous compounds across stomach and post-stomach tissues. British Journal of Nutrition 60, 539–551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Tyrrell, HF & Reynolds, PJ (1993) Effects of diet forage-to-concentrate ratio and intake on net visceral metabolism of VFA in growing beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science 76, Suppl. 1, 283.Google Scholar
Seal, CJ & Parker, DS (1994) Effect of intraruminal propionic acid infusion on metabolism of mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers fed a forage diet: I. Volatile fatty acids, glucose, and lactate. Journal of Animal Science 72, 1325–1334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seal, CJ, Parker, DS & Avery, PJ (1992) The effect of forage and forage-concentrate diets on rumen fermentation and metabolism of nutrients by the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers. British Journal of Nutrition 67, 355–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siddons, RC, Nolan, JV, Beever, DE & MacRae, JC (1985) Nitrogen digestion and metabolism in sheep consuming diets containing contrasting forms and levels of N. British Journal of Nutrition 54, 175–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weatherburn, MW (1967) Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry 39, 971–973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, AJF, Osuji, PO, White, F & Ingram, JF (1975) The influence of food intake on portal blood flow and heat production in the digestive tract of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 34, 125–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weekes, TEC & Webster, AJF (1975) Metabolism of butyrate in the tissue of the sheep gut. British Journal of Nutrition 33, 425–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar