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The effect of the level of dietary protein, carbohydrate and fat on urea kinetics in young children during rapid catch-up weight gain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Alan A. Jackson ,
J. Doherty ,
M.-H. de Benoist ,
J. Hibbert  and
C. Persaud
Alan A. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO9 3TU Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
J. Doherty
Affiliation:
Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
M.-H. de Benoist
Affiliation:
Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
J. Hibbert
Affiliation:
Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
C. Persaud
Affiliation:
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO9 3TU Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Abstract

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The kinetics of urea metabolism were measured in children recovering from severe malnutrition. For a period of up to 10 d they received one of four diets which provided 711 kJ (170 kcal)/kg per d. Two groups received a diet with a high protein: energy (P:E) ratio of 10.6% (HP), enriched with either fat (HP/F) or maize starch and sucrose (HP/C). Two groups received a diet with a low P:E ratio of 8.8% (LP), enriched with either fat (LP/F) or maize starch and sucrose (LP/C). The rate of weight gain on the HP diets was significantly greater than on the LP diets. There was no difference in urea production between any of the four diets: HP/F 1.23 (SE 0.12), HP/C 1.37 (SE 0.14), LP/F 1.64 (SE 0.22), LP/C 1.15 (SE 0.15) mmol nitrogen/kg per h. On the HP diets urea excretion was 0.77 (SE 0.07) mmol N/kg per h. 61 % of production. There was significantly less urea excreted in the urine on diet LP/C than on LP/F (0.36 (SE 0.05) and 0.64 (SE 0.04) mmol N/kg per h respectively). A significantly greater percentage of the urea production was hydrolysed on the LP diets (61 %) compared with the HP diets (39 %), with the consequence that 50% of urea-N produced was available for synthetic activity on the LP diets compared with 30% on the HP diets. The increase in the urea hydrolysed on the LP diets was equivalent in magnitude to the decreased intake of N, so that overall intake plus hydrolysis did not differ between the LP and the HP diets. Crude N balance was similar on diets HP/F, HP/C and LP/C, but was significantly reduced on diet LP/F. These results show that there is an accommodation in urea kinetics during rapid catch-up weight gain, which becomes evident when the P:E ratio of the diet falls to 8.8%. It is proposed that, for a P:E ratio of 8.8%, protein is limiting for catch-up growth. When the intake has a P:E ratio of 8.8% the pattern of urea kinetics can be modified by the relative proportions of fat and carbohydrate in the diet. The measurement of urea kinetics provides a useful approach to the definition of the adequacy of the protein in the diet.

Keywords

Urea kineticsGrowthUndernutrition
Type
Nitrogen Metabolism
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , September 1990 , pp. 371 - 385
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

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