Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T21:08:44.016Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of the addition of malate on in vitro rumen fermentation of cereal grains

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

M. D. Carro  and
M. J. Ranilla
M. D. Carro*
Affiliation:
Departamento Producción Animal I. Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
M. J. Ranilla
Affiliation:
Departamento Producción Animal I. Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
*
*Corresponding author:Dr M. Dolores Carro, fax +34 987 291311, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of malate (Rumalato®; Norel & Nature S.A., Barcelona, Spain; composed of disodium malate–calcium malate (0·16:0·84, w/w)) on the fermentation of four cereal grains (maize, barley, wheat and sorghum). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hay ad libitum and supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Rumalato® was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mM-MALATE. Gas production was measured at regular intervals up to 120 h. Malate increased (P<0·01) the average fermentation rate of all substrates, and the lag time decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing concentrations of malate for all substrates, with the exception of sorghum. in 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as malate concentration increased from 0 TO 10 mM. Propionate and butyrate production increased (P<0·05), while the value of the acetate: propionate ratio and L-lactate concentrations decreased (P<0·05) linearly with increasing doses of malate. Malate treatment increased (P<0·05) the CO2 production and decreased the production of CH4, although this effect was not significant (P>0·05) for maize. Malate at 4 and 7 mm increased (P<0·05) optical density of the cultures measured at 600 nm for maize, with no differences for the other substrates. The results indicate that malate may be used as a feed additive for ruminant animals fed high proportions of cereal grains, because it increased pH and propionate production and decreased CH4 production and L-lactate concentrations; however, in general, no beneficial effects of 10 compared with 7 mM-malate were observed.

Keywords

RumenMalateBatch culturesCereal grains
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 89 , Issue 2 , February 2003 , pp. 181 - 188
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2003

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995) Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., chapter 4, p. 13. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
Caldwell, DR & Bryant, MP (1966) Medium without rumen fluid for non-selective enumeration and isolation of rumen bacteria. Applied Microbiology 14, 794–801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaway, TR & Martin, SA (1996) Effects of organic acid and monensin treatment on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation of cracked corn. Journal of Animal Science 74, 1982–1989.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Callaway, TR & Martin, SA (1997) Effects of cellobiose and monensin on in vitro fermentation of organic acids by mixed ruminal bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1126–1135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carro, MD, López, S, Valdés, C & Ovejero, FJ (1999) Effect of DL-malate on mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Animal Feed Science and Technology 79, 279–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demeyer, DI & Henderickx, MK (1967) Competitive inhibition of in vitro methane production by mixed rumen bacteria. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochemie 75, 157–159.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, JD & Martin, SA (1997) Factors affecting lactate and malate utilization by Selenomonas ruminantium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63, 4853–4858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
France, J, Dijkstra, J, Dhanoa, MS, Lopez, S & Bannick, A (2000) Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro: a derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. British Journal of Nutrition 83, 143–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goering, MK & Van Soest, PJ (1970) Forage Fiber Analysis (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures and Some Applications). Agricultural Handbook no. 379. Washington, DC: Agricultural Research Services, USDA.Google Scholar
Kung, L Jr, Huber, JT, Krummrey, JD, Allison, L & Cook, RM (1982) Influence of adding malic acid to dairy cattle rations on milk production, rumen volatile acids, digestibility, and nitrogen utilization. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 1170–1174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López, S, Valdés, C, Newbold, CJ & Wallace, RJ (1999) Influence of sodium fumarate addition on rumen fermentation in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, SA (1998) Manipulation of ruminal fermentation with organic acids: a review. Journal of Animal Science 76, 3123–3132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, SA & Streeter, MN (1995) Effect of malate on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2141–2145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, SA, Streeter, MN, Nisbet, DJ, Hill, GM & Williams, SE (1999) Effects of DL-malate on ruminal metabolism and performance of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 77, 1008–1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melville, SB, Michel, TA & Macy, JM (1988) Pathway and sites for energy conservation in the metabolism of glucose by Selenomonas ruminantium. Journal of Bacteriology 170, 5298–5304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montaño, MF, Chai, W, Zinn-Ware, TE & Zinn, RA (1999) Influence of malic acid supplementation on ruminal pH, lactic acid utilization, and digestive function in steers fed high-concentrate finishing diets. Journal of Animal Science 77, 780–784.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newbold, CJ, Wallace, RJ & McIntosh, FM (1996) Mode of action of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a feed additive for ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition 76, 249–261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nisbet, DJ & Martin, SA (1991) Effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium. Journal of Animal Science 69, 4628–4633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nisbet, DJ & Martin, SA (1993) Effects of fumarate, L-malate, and an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on D-lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium. Selenomonas ruminantium. Current Microbiology 26, 133–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, JB & Strobel, HJ (1989) Effects of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, JB & Van Soest, PJ (1984) In vitro ruminal fermentation of organic acids common in forage. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47, 155–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, JB & Wallace, RJ (1988) Energy yielding and consuming reactions. In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, pp. 185–216 [Hobson, PN, editor]. London: Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar
Sanson, DW & Stallcup, OT (1984) Growth response and serum constituents of Holstein bulls fed malic acid. Nutrition Reports International 30, 1261–1267.Google Scholar
Stallcup, OT (1979) Influence of addition of DL-malic acid to diets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 62, Suppl. 1, 225 Abstr..Google Scholar
Theodorou, MK, Williams, BA, Dhanoa, MS, McAllan, AB & France, J (1994) A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 48, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysac-charides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weatherburn, MW (1967) Phenol–hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Analytical Chemistry 39, 971–974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolin, MJ & Miller, TL (1988) Microbe–microbe interactions. In The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, pp. 343–359 [Hobson, PN, editor]. London: Elsevier Applied Science.Google Scholar