Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T16:47:05.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of short-term calcium supplementation on biochemical markers of bone metabolism in healthy young adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Fiona Ginty
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
Albert Flynn
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
Kevin D. Cashman*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland
*
*Corresponding author:Dr Kevin Cashman, fax +353 21 270244, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The influence of Ca supplementation of the usual diet for 14d on biochemical markers of bone turnover was investigated in healthy young adults aged 21–26 years. In a crossover study, eighteen subjects (five male and thirteen female) were randomly assigned to their self-selected diet (about 22 mmol Ca/d) or their self-selected diet with a 20 mmol/d Ca supplement (about 40 mmol Ca/d) for 14d followed by crossover to the alternative diet for a further 14d. During each dietary period fasting morning first void urine samples (last 3d) and fasting blood serum samples (morning of twelfth day) were collected. Ca supplementation reduced urinary excretion of pyridinoline (14%) and deoxypyridinoline (16%) (biochemical markers of bone resorption) but had no effect on biochemical markers of bone formation (serum osteocalcin and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; EC 3.1.3.1). It is concluded that Ca supplementation of the usual diet in young adults suppresses bone resorption over a 2-week period. If sustained, this could result in suppression of the bone remodelling rate and an increase in bone mass over time. The findings of this short-term study with a relatively small number of young adults highlight the need for a longer-term intervention study of the effect of increased Ca intake on bone mass in this age group.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1998

References

Bonjour, JP, Carrie, AL, Ferrari, S, Clavien, H, Slosman, D & Theintz, G (1997) Calcium-enriched foods and bone mass growth in prepubertal girls: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Investigation 99, 12871294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calabresi, E, Lasagni, L, Franceschelli, F, Bartolini, L & Serio, M (1994) Use of an internal standard to measure pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine (letter). Clinical Chemistry 40, 336337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, GM, Hoffman, K & McMurray, M (1995) Effects of dairy products on bone and body composition in pubertal girls. Journal of Pediatrics 126, 551556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colwell, R, Russell, RGG & Eastell, R (1993) Factors affecting the assay of urinary 3-hydroxypyridinium cross-links of collagen as markers of bone resorption. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 23, 341349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson-Hughes, B, Harris, S, Kramich, C, Dallal, G & Rasmussen, HM (1993) Calcium retention and hormone levels in black and white women on high- and low-calcium diets. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 8, 779787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delmas, PD (1992) Clinical use of biochemical markers of bone remodelling in osteoporosis. Bone 13, S17S21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eastell, R, Robins, SP, Colwell, T, Assiri, AM, Riggs, BL & Russell, RG (1993) Evaluation of bone turnover in type I osteoporosis using biochemical markers specific for both bone formation and bone resorption. Osteoporosis International 3, 255260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Englyst, HN & Cummings, JH (1988) Improved method for measurement of dietary fiber as non-starch polysaccharides in plant foods. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 71, 808814.Google ScholarPubMed
Eriksen, EF, Gundersen, HJG, Melsen, F & Mosekilde, L (1984) Reconstruction of the formative site in iliac trabecular bone in 20 normal individuals employing a kinetic model for matrix and mineral apposition. Metabolic Bone Disease Related Research 5, 243252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eyre, DR (1992) New biomarkers of bone resorption. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 74, 470AC.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fehily, AM, Coles, RJ, Evans, WD & Elwood, PC (1992) Factors affecting bone density in young adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56, 579586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, HM (1973) The origin and nature of transients in human bone remodeling dynamics. In Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Bone Disease, pp. 124137 [Frame,, B, Parfitt, AM and Duncan, H, editors]. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica.Google Scholar
Gregory, J, Foster, K, Tyler, H & Wiseman, M (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London: HM Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Hansen, MA, Overgaard, K, Riis, BJ & Christiansen, C (1991) Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 12 year study. British Medical Journal 303, 961964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaney, RP (1991) Calcium supplements: practical considerations. Osteoporosis International 1, 6571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heaney, RP (1994) The bone-remodeling transient: implications for the interpretation of clinical studies of bone mass change. Journal of Bone Mineral Research 9, 15151523.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hui, SL, Slemenda, CW & Johnston, CC Jr (1989) Baseline measurement of bone mass predicts fracture in white women. Annals of Internal Medicine 111, 355361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institute of Medicine (1997) Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy Press.Google Scholar
Irish Nutrition and Dietetic Institute (1990) Irish National Nutrition Survey 1990. Dublin: INDI.Google Scholar
Jackman, LA, Millane, SS, Martin, BR, Wood, OB, McCabe, GP, Peacock, M & Weaver, CM (1997) Calcium retention in relation to calcium intake and postmenarcheal age in adolescent females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, 327333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnston, CC, Miller, JZ, Slemenda, CW, Reister, TK, Hui, S, Christian, JC & Peacock, M (1992) Calcium supplementation and increases in bone mineral density in children. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 8287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, B & Kenward, MG (1989) The 2 × 2 cross-over trial with continuous data. In Design and Analysis of Cross-Over Trials, pp. 1688. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzman, DK, Bachrach, LK, Carter, DR & Marcus, R (1991) Clinical and anthropometric correlates of bone mineral acquisition in healthy adolescent girls. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 73, 13321339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, WTK, Leung, SSF, Leung, DMY & Cheng, JCY (1996) A follow-up study on the effects of calcium-supplement withdrawal and puberty on bone acquisition of children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 64, 7177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, WTK, Leung, SSF, Leung, DMY, Tsang, HSY, Lau, L & Cheng, JCY (1995) A randomized double-blind controlled calcium supplementation trial, and bone and height acquisition in children. British Journal of Nutrition 74, 125139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, WTK, Leung, SSF, Leung, DMY, Wang, SH, Xu, YC, Zeng, WP & Chang, JC (1997) Bone mineral acquisition in low calcium intake children following the withdrawal of calcium supplement. Acta Paediatrica 86, 570576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, WTK, Leung, SSF, Wang, SH, Xu, YC, Zeng, WP, Lau, J, Oppenheimer, SJ & Cheng, JCY (1994) Double-blind, controlled calcium supplementation and bone mineral accretion in children accustomed to a low-calcium diet. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 744750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lloyd, T, Andon, MB, Rollings, N, Martel, JK, Landis, JR, Demers, LM, Eggli, DF, Kieselhorst, K & Kulin, HE (1993) Calcium supplementation and bone mineral density in adolescent girls. Journal of the American Medical Association 270, 841844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKane, WR, Khosla, S, Egan, KS, Robins, SP, Burritt, MF & Riggs, BL (1996) Role of calcium intake in modulating age-related increases in parathyroid function and bone resorption. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 81, 16991703.Google ScholarPubMed
Matkovic, V, Fontana, D, Tominac, C, Goel, P & Chesnut, CH III (1990) Factors that influence peak bone mass formation: a study of calcium balance and the inheritance of bone mass in adolescent females. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 878888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matkovic, V & Heaney, RP (1992) Calcium balance during human growth: evidence for threshold behavior. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, 992996.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matkovic, V, Jelic, J, Wardlaw, GM, Illich, JZ, Goel, PK, Wright, JK, Andon, MB, Smith, KT & Heaney, RP (1994) Timing of peak bone mass in Caucasian females and its implication for the prevention of osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93, 799808.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matkovic, V, Kostial, K, Simonovic, I, Buzina, R, Brodarec, A & Nordin, BEC (1979) Bone status and fracture rates in two regions of Yugoslavia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32, 540549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Melton, JL III, Eddy, DM & Johnston, CC Jr (1990) Screening for osteoporosis. Annals of Internal Medicine 112, 516528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paul, AA & Southgate, DAT (1978) McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. London: HM Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Pesce, A & Kaplan, LA (1987) Methods in Clinical Chemistry, p. 1021. St Louis, MO: C. V. Mosby Co.Google Scholar
Recker, RR, Davies, MK, Hinders, SM, Heaney, RP, Stegman, MR & Kimmel, DB (1992) Bone gain in young adult women. Journal of the American Medical Association 268, 24032408.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robins, SP, Stead, DA & Duncan, A (1994) Precautions in using an internal standard to measure pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in urine (letter). Clinical Chemistry 40, 23222323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubinacci, A, Divieti, P, Polo, RM, Zampino, M, Resimini, G & Tenni, R (1996) Effect of an oral calcium load on urinary markers of collagen breakdown. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 19, 719726.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapses, SA, Robins, SP, Schwartz, EI & Chowdhury, H (1995) Short-term changes in calcium but not protein intake alter the rate of bone resorption in healthy subjects as assessed by urinary pyridinium cross-link excretion. Journal of Nutrition 125, 28142821.Google Scholar
Slemenda, CW, Peacock, M, Hui, S, Zhou, L & Johnston, CC (1997) Reduced rates of skeletal remodeling are associated with increased peak bone mineral density during the development of peak skeletal mass. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 12, 676682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teegarden, D, Proulx, WR, Martin, BR, Zhao, J, McCabe, GP, Lyle, RM, Peacock, M, Slemenda, C, Johnston, CC & Weaver, CM (1995) Peak bone mass in young women. Journal of Bone Mineral Research 10, 711715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trudeau, DL & Freier, EF (1967) Determination of Ca in urine and serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Clinical Chemistry 13, C101C114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dokkum, W (1995) The intake of selected minerals and trace elements in European countries. Nutrition Research Reviews 8, 271302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed