Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T12:15:40.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of low and moderate fat intakes on the postprandial lipaemic and hormonal responses in healthy volunteers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Farideh Shishehbor
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
Helen M. Roche
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
Michael J. Gibney*
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: fax +353 1 454 2043, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Present literature indicates that whereas an acute fat intake of 5 g does not elicit a postprandial triacylglycerolaemic response, 20 g of fat does. Since 67 % of fat intake occasions involve fat doses of less than 20 g, the present study examined the effect of a relatively low-fat (LF) meal (0·2 g/kg body weight; mean 14 g) on postprandial triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism, compared with a high-fat (HF) meal (0·6 g/kg body weight; mean 43 g), a fat dose which is more typical of laboratory studies. Plasma- and chylomicron-TAG concentrations increased significantly (P ≤ 0·001) following both meals, and the increase was significantly (P ≤ 0·02) greater after the HF meal. The postprandial areas under the curves and maximal postprandial TAG concentrations for plasma- and chylomicron-TAG were significantly higher following the HF meal (P ≤ 0·05). Postprandial plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations increased significantly (P ≤ 0·001) after each meal, but there was no difference between the two meals. These data show that modest amounts of fat in a meal will elicit a measurable postprandial TAG response. Since postprandial lipaemia affects the composition and concentration of the TAG- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, controlling dietary TAG supply may influence the metabolic fate of these lipoproteins.

Type
Short communication
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Alam, MJKerr, JICormican, K & Buchanan, KD (1992) Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) response in diabetes using a highly specific antiserum. Diabetic Medicine 9, 542545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonanome, A & Grundy, SM (1989) Intestinal absorption of stearic acid after consumption of high fat meals in humans. Journal of Nutrition 119, 15561560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, YDISkowronsli, RCoulston, AMPietarinen, JHollenbeck, CB & Reaven, GM (1992) Effect of acute variations in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on retinyl ester content of intestinally derived lipoproteins. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 74, 2832.Google ScholarPubMed
Cohen, JCNoakes, TD & Benade, AJS (1988) Serum triglyceride responses to fatty meals: effect of meal fat content. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, 825827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohn, JSMcNamara, JRCohn, SDOrdovas, JM & Schaefer, EJ (1988a) Plasma apolipoprotein changes in the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction of human subjects fed a fat-rich meal. Journal of Lipid Research 29, 925936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohn, JSMcNamara, JRCohn, SDOrdovas, JM & Schaefer, EJ (1988b) Postprandial plasma lipoprotein changes in human subjects of different ages. Journal of Lipid Research 29, 469479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Castro, JM (1987) Circadian rhythms of the spontaneous meal pattern, macronutrient intake, and mood of humans. Physiology and Behavior 40, 437466.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubois, CArmand, MAzais-Braesco, VPortugal, H Pauli A-M Bernard P-M Latge, CLafont, HBorel, P & Lairon, D (1994) Effects of moderate amounts of emulsified dietary fat on postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in normolipidemic adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 374382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubois, CBeaumier, GJuhel, CArmand, MPortugal, H Pauli A-M Borel, PLatge, C & Lairon, D (1998) Effects of graded amounts (0–50 g) of dietary fat on postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in normolipidemic adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 3138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibney, MJ & Daly, E (1994) The incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into plasma lipid and lipoprotein fractions in the postprandial phase in healthy volunteers. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 866872.Google ScholarPubMed
Groot, PHE & Scheek, LM (1984) Effects of fat ingestion on high density lipoprotein profiles in human sera. Journal of Lipid Research 25, 684692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grundy, SM & Mok, HYI (1976) Chylomicron clearance in normal and hyperlipidemic man. Metabolism 25, 12251239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeppesen, J Chen, Y-DI Zhou M-Y Wang, T & Reaven, GM (1995) Effect of variations in oral fat and carbohydrate load on postprandial lipemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 12011205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kashyap, MLBarnhart, RLSrivastava, LSPerisutti, GAllen, CHogg, EGlueck, CJ & Jackson, RL (1983) Alimentary lipemia: plasma high-density lipoproteins and apolipoproteins CII and CIII in healthy subjects. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37, 233243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knapper, JMEMorgan, LM & Fletcher, JM (1996) Nutrient-induced secretion and metabolic effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-I. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 55, 291305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krasinski, SDCohn, JSSchaefer, EJ & Russell, RM (1990) Postprandial plasma retinyl ester response is greater in older subjects compared with younger subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation 85, 883892.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mann, J (1997) Meal frequency and plasma lipids and lipoprotein. British Journal of Nutrition 77, Suppl. 1, S83S90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, JNSAltman, DGCampbell, MJ & Royston, P (1990) Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. British Medical Journal 300, 230235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, MCIsherwood, SGSethi, SGould, BJWright, JWKnapper, JA & Williams, CM (1995) Postprandial lipid and hormone responses to meals of varying fat contents: modulatory role of lipoprotein lipase? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49, 579588.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Flaherty, L & Gibney, MJ (1994) The effect of very-low, moderate- and high-fat snacks on postprandial reverse cholesterol transport in healthy volunteers. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 124A.Google Scholar
Redgrave, TG & Carlson, LA (1979) Changes in plasma very low density and low density lipoprotein content, composition, and size after a fatty meal in normo- and hypertriglyceridemic man. Journal of Lipid Research 20, 217229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rifai, NMerrill, JR & Holly, RG (1990) Postprandial effect of a high fat meal on plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein measurements. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 27, 489493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, HM & Gibney, MJ (1995) Postprandial triacylglyerolaemia–nutritional implications. Progress in Lipid Research 34, 249266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, HM & Gibney, MJ (1996) Postprandial triacylglycerolaemia: the effect of low-fat dietary treatment with and without fish oil supplementation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50, 617624.Google ScholarPubMed
Roche, HMZampelas, AJackson, KGWilliams, CM & Gibney, MJ (1998) The effect of test meal monounsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratio on postprandial lipid metabolism. British Journal of Nutrition 79, 419424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weintraub, MSEisenberg, S & Breslow, JL (1987) Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein E. Journal of Clinical Investigation 80, 15711577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zampelas, AMurphy, MMorgan, LM & Williams, CM (1994 a) Postprandial lipoprotein lipase, insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to test meals of different fatty acid composition: comparison of saturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 849858.Google ScholarPubMed
Zampelas, APeel, ASGould, BJ & Williams, CM (1994b) Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series: effects on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein levels in healthy men European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 842848.Google ScholarPubMed