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Effect of equilibrated hydration changes on total body water estimates by bioelectrical impedance analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Vincent Pialoux ,
Isabelle Mischler ,
Remi Mounier ,
Pierre Gachon ,
Patrick Ritz ,
Jean Coudert  and
Nicole Fellmann
Vincent Pialoux
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Isabelle Mischler
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Remi Mounier
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Pierre Gachon
Affiliation:
Unité Protéino-Métabolique, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Patrick Ritz
Affiliation:
Unité Protéino-Métabolique, Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Jean Coudert
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
Nicole Fellmann*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Physiologie-Biologie du Sport, Faculté de Médecine, Université d'Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr N. Fellmann, fax +33 4 73 44 83 19, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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The present study was performed to determine how equilibrated fluctuations in hydration affected the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for body composition assessment. Total body water (TBW) expansion was induced by a 4 d endurance trial and the subsequent water loss was obtained over the recovery period. Twelve healthy men exercised on a cycle and treadmill alternately for 5 h/d over 4 d at moderate intensity. TBW, fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed 3 d before the trial (control), and on the first and eighth day of recovery (R1 and R8 respectively). TBW was evaluated by 2H dilution (TBW2H) as a reference method and by BIA (TBWBIA) at 100 kHz at the same time. TBW2H increased significantly between the control day and R1 by 1·87 (sd 1·11) litres (P=0·005) and TBWBIA by 1·38 (sd 1·56) litres (P=0·009). Both values returned to the control level on R8. For each period, TBW2H and TBWBIA did not differ significantly and were correlated (r2 0·85, P=0·0004 for the control day; r2 0·63, P=0·03 for R1; r2 0·75, P=0·02 for R8). Plasma Na concentration and osmolality did not differ between the control day, R1 and R8. FFM gain (1208 (sd 1983) g) and FM loss (−1168 (sd 906) g) between the control day and R1 were followed by a FFM decrease (−624 (sd 1281) g) and a FM increase (860 (sd 1212) g) between R1 and R8. As expected, these FFM and FM changes were significantly correlated with TBW variations. The present results provide evidence that BIA may be a useful method for estimating TBW when fluid shifts are equilibrated and electrolyte concentrations are unchanged. However, it is not a valid technique for assessing FM and FFM under these conditions.

Keywords

2H dilutionHyperhydrationDehydrationFat-free-mass hydrationFat mass
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 91 , Issue 1 , January 2004 , pp. 153 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

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