Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:33:22.621Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Enda J. Noone ,
Helen M. Roche ,
Anne P. Nugent  and
Michael J. Gibney
Enda J. Noone*
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
Helen M. Roche
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
Anne P. Nugent
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
Michael J. Gibney
Affiliation:
Unit of Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
*
*Corresponding author:Dr Enda J. Noone, fax +353 1 454 2043, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Studies using animal models have shown that CLA reduces adiposity, improves plasma lipoprotein metabolism and insulin sensitivity and reduces arteriosclerosis. Whilst CLA may have therapeutic potential with regard to coronary artery disease risk factors in human subjects, there has been little investigation into its effects in human subjects. This current study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation using two isomeric blends of CLA on triacylglycerol (TAG)-rich lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in human subjects and evaluates whether CLA modulated cardiovascular disease risk factors. Fifty-one normolipidaemic subjects participated in this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 3 g cis-9,trans-11–trans-10,cis-12 isomeric blend (50: 50) or a cis-9,trans-11–trans-10,cis-12 isomeric blend (80: 20) CLA or linoleic acid (control)/d for 8 weeks. The 50: 50 CLA isomer blend significantly reduced (P≤0·005) fasting plasma TAG concentrations. The 80: 20 CLA isomer blend significantly reduced (P≤0·05) VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. CLA supplementation had no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol, HDL-lipid-protein composition or reverse cholesterol transport. CLA supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer was incorporated into total plasma lipids following supplementation with both isomeric blends of CLA. The present study demonstrates that CLA supplementation significantly improves plasma TAG and VLDL metabolism in human subjects. The study confirms that some of the cardio-protective effects of CLA that were shown in animal studies are relevant to man.

Keywords

Conjugated linoleic acidTriacylglycerolVery-low-density lipoproteinLow-density lipoproteinHigh-density lipoprotein
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 88 , Issue 3 , September 2002 , pp. 243 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2002

References

Abbey, M & Nestel, PJ (1994) Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity is increased when trans-elaidic acid is substituted for cis-oleic acid in the diet. Atherosclerosis 106, 99–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benito, P, Nelson, GJ, Kelley, DS, Bartolini, G, Schmidt, PC & Simon, V (2001) The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans. Lipids 36, 229–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Britton, M, Fong, C, Wickens, D & Yudkin, J (1992) Diet as a source of phospholipid esterified 9,11- octadecadienoic acid in humans. Clinical Science 83, 97–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chin, SF, Lui, W, Strokson, JM, Ha, YL & Pariza, MW (1992) Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid, a newly recognised class of anticarcinogens. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 5, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, RW, Moberly, JB & Bamberger, MJ (1995) Low level quantification of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in plasma subfractions and cell culture media by monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay. Journal of Lipid Research 36, 876–889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dupont, J, White, PJ, Carpenter, MP, Schafer, EJ, Meydani, SN, Elson, CE, Wood, M & Gorbach, SL (1990) Food uses and health effects of corn oil. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 5, 438–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M & Stanley, GHS (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissue. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fruchart, JC, Duriez, P & Stales, B (1999) Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha activators regulates genes governing lipoprotein metabolism, vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Current Opinion in Lipidology 10, 245–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gavino, VC, Gavino, G, Leblanc, MJ & Tuchweber, B (2000) An isomeric mixture of conjugated linoleic acid, but not pure cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid affects body weight gain and plasma lipids in hamsters. Journal of Nutrition 130, 27–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, YL, Grimm, NK & Pariza, MW (1987) Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis 8, 1881–1887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houseknecht, KL, Vanden, JP, Moya-Camarena, S, Portocarrero, CP, Peck, LW, Nickel, KP & Belury, MA (1998) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalises impared glucose tolerance in the Zucker diabetic fatty fa/fa rat. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 244, 678–682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, YC, Luedecke, LO & Schultz, TD (1994) The effects of cheddar cheese consumption on plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentration in men. Nutrition Research 14, 373–386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, J, Wolk, A & Vessby, B (1999) Relation between the intake of milk fat and the occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in human adipose tissue. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, 21–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kepler, CR, Tucker, WP & Tove, SB (1970) Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. Substrate specificity and inhibition of linoleath delta-12-cis,delta-11-trans-isomerase from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Journal of Biological Chemistry 245, 3612–3620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kritchevsky, D, Tepper, SA, Wright, S, Tso, P & Czarnecki, SK (2000) Influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on establishment and progression of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 19, 472–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, KN, Kritchevsky, D & Pariza, MW (1994) Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 108, 19–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, Y, Schuurbiers, E, Van der Veen, S & De Deckere, AM (2001) Conjugated linoleic acid isomers have differential effects on triglyceride secretion in Hep G2 cells. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 1533, 38–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowell, BB (1999) PPAR gamma: an essential regulator of adipogenesis and modulator of fat cell function. Cell 99, 239–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, CJ, Yen, FT, Grant, AM & Bihian, BE (1991) Mechanism of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in hypertriglyceridemia. Journal of Clinical Investigation 88, 2059–2066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, JC, Gregoire, S, Siess, MH, Genty, M, Chardigny, JM, Bordeaux, O, Juaneda, P & Sebedio, JL (2000) Effects of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid metabolising enzymes in male rats. Lipids 35, 91–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya-Camarena, SY & Belury, MA (1999) Species differences in the metabolism and regulation of gene expression by conjugated linoleic acid. Nutrition Reviews 57, 336–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moya-Carmarena, SY, Vanden-Heuvel, JP & Blanchard, SG (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occuring ligand and activator of PPARα. Journal of Lipid Research 40, 1426–1433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munday, JS, Thompson, KG & James, KAC (1999) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid promotes fatty streak formation in the C57BL/6 mouse atherosclerosis model. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nestel, PJ (1987) High density lipoprotein turnover. American Heart Journal 112, 518–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicolosi, RJ, Rodgers, EJ, Kitchevsky, D, Scimeca, JA & Huth, PJ (1997) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic hamsters. Artery 5, 266–277.Google Scholar
Nydahl, M, Gustafsson, IB, Ohrvail, B & Vessby, B (1994) Similar serum lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in healthy subjects on diets enriched with rapeseed and with sunflower oil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, 128–137.Google ScholarPubMed
Park, Y, Storkson, JM, Albright, KJ, Liu, W & Pariza, MW (1999) Evidence that the trans-10,cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Lipids 34, 235–241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pariza, MW, Park, Y & Cook, ME (2001) The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Progress in Lipid Research 40, 283–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sebedio, JL, Juaneda, P, Dobson, G, Ramilison, I, Martin, JC, Chardigny, JM & Christie, WW (1997) Metabolites of conjugated isomers of linoleic acid in the rat. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1345, 5–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smedman, A & Vessby, B (2001) Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans – The metabolic effects. Lipids 36, 773–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, P, Wirth, M & Berger, I (1990) A possible contribution of decreases in free fatty acids to low serum triglyceride levels after diets supplemented with n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Atherosclerosis 83, 167–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stampfer, MJ, Krauss, RM, Ma, J, Blanche, PJ, Holl, LG, Sacks, FM & Hennekens, CH (1996) A prospective study of triglyceride low level, low density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. Journal of the American Medical Association 276, 882–888.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stangl, GI (2000) Conjugated linoleic acids exhibited a strong fat to lean partitioning effect, reduce serum VLDL lipids and redistribute tissue lipids in food restricted rats. Journal of Nutrition 130, 1140–1146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stangl, GI, Muller, H & Kirchgessner, M (1999) Conjugated linoleic acid effects on circulating hormones, metabolites and lipoproteins, and its proportion in fasting serum and erythrocyte membranes of swine. European Journal of Nutrition 38, 271–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tall, AR (1998) An overview of reverse cholesterol transport. European Heart Journal 19, A31–A35.Google ScholarPubMed
Tollefson, JH, Liu, A & Albers, JJ (1988) Regulation of plasma lipid transfer by the high-density lipoproteins. American Journal of Physiology 255, E894–E902.Google ScholarPubMed
Tsuboyama-Kasaoka, N, Takahashi, M, Tanemura, K, Kim, HJ, Tange, T, Okuyama, H, Kasai, M, Ikemoto, S & Ezaki, O (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduces adipose tissue by apotosis and develops lipodystrophy in mice. Diabetes 49, 1534–1542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yotsumoto, H, Hara, E, Naka, S, Adolf, RO, Emken, EA & Yanagita, T (1999) 10 trans,12 cis Linoleic acid reduces apo B secretion in Hep G2 cells. Food Research International. 31, 403–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zambell, KL, Kiem, NL, Van Loan, MD, Gale, B, Benito, P, Kelley, DS & Nelson, GJ (2000) Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans: Effects on body composition and energy expenditure. Lipids 35, 777–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed