Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T22:45:46.807Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Deposition of dietary fatty acids and of de novo synthesised fatty acids in growing pigs: effects of high ambient temperature and feeding restriction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2007

Maela Kloareg ,
Laurent Le Bellego ,
Jacques Mourot ,
Jean Noblet  and
Jaap van Milgen
Maela Kloareg
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Veau et le Porc, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
Laurent Le Bellego
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Veau et le Porc, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
Jacques Mourot
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Veau et le Porc, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
Jean Noblet
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Veau et le Porc, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
Jaap van Milgen*
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche sur le Veau et le Porc, INRA, 35590, Saint-Gilles, France
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Jaap van Milgen, fax +33 2 23 48 50 80, email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Predicting aspects of pork quality becomes increasingly important from both a nutritional and a technological point of view. Little information is, however, available concerning the quantitative relation between nutrient intake and fatty acid (FA) deposition at the whole-animal level. In this study, eight blocks of five littermate barrows were used in a comparative slaughter trial. At 24 kg body weight (BW), one pig from each litter was slaughtered to determine the initial FA composition. The other littermates were assigned to one of four feeding levels (ranging from 70 % to 100 % of intake ad libitum) and were given a diet containing 0·36 g/kg lipid and 0·22 g/kg FA. The temperature for each block was maintained at either 23 or 30°C. At 65 kg, the pigs were slaughtered and the body lipid and FA composition was determined. Seventy per cent of the digested n-6 FA and 50 % of the n-3 FA were deposited. The average composition of de novo synthesised FA corresponded to 1·7, 30·3, 2·4, 19·7 and 45·9 % for 14: , 16: , 16: 1, 18: and 18: 1 FA, respectively. At 23°C and for feeding ad libitum, 33 % of 16: FA was deposited, 1·7 % shortened to 14: , 63 % elongated to 18: and 2·8 % unsaturated to 16: 1. Twenty-eight per cent of 18: FA was deposited and 72 % unsaturated to 18: 1. At 30°C, 18: FA desaturation was reduced by 3·5 %. Feed intake and temperature independently affected the elongation of 16: FA. A reduction in feed intake increased the elongation rate, whereas the increase in temperature reduced the elongation rate.

Keywords

Lipid depositionFatty acid compositionPigModel
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 93 , Issue 6 , June 2005 , pp. 803 - 811
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2005

References

Anderson, D, Kauffman, R & Benevenga, N (1972) Estimate of fatty-acid turnover in porcine adipose tissue. Lipids 7, 488–489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Assocation of Official Analytical Chemists (1990) Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Washington DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Burdge, GC, Jones, AE & Wootton, SA (2002) Eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids are the principal products of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in young men. Br J Nutr 88, 355–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burdge, GC & Wootton, SA (2002) Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in young women. Br J Nutr 88, 411–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chwalibog, A, Jakobsen, K, Henckel, S & Thorbek, G (1992) Estimation of quantitative oxidation and fat retention from carbohydrate, protein and fat in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 68, 123–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crespo, N & Esteve-Garcia, E (2003) Nutrient and fatty acid deposition in broilers fed different dietary fatty acid profiles. Poultry Sci 81, 1533–1542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Danfaer, A (1999) Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In A Quantitative Biology of the Pig, pp. 333–362 [Kyriazakis, I, editor]. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Dunshea, FR, Harris, DM, Bauman, DE, Boyd, RD & Bell, AW (1992a) Effect of porcine somatotropin on in vivo glucose kinetics and lipogenesis in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 70, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunshea, FR, Harris, DM, Bauman, DE, Boyd, RD & Bell, AW (1992b) Effect of somatotropin on nonesterified fatty acid and glycerol metabolism in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 70, 132–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eurolysine and ICTF (1995) Heal digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs for pigs. Paris: Eurolysine and ITCF.Google Scholar
Flanzy, J, François, AC & Rérat, A (1970) Utilisation métabolique des acides gras chez le porc. Ann Biol Anim Bioch Biophys 10, 603–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folch, J, Lee, MSloane, Stanley GH (1957) A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gatlin, LA, See, MT, Hansen, JA, Sutton, D & Odle, J (2002) The effects of dietary fat sources, levels, and feeding intervals on pork fatty acid composition. J Anim Sci 80, 1606–1615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerfault, V, Romao, M, Mourot, J, Etienne, M & Mounier, A (2000) Influence de la quantité et de la nature des lipides alimentaires pendant la gestation et la lactation des truies sur le développement du tissu adipeux, les performances de croissance et la qualité de la viande des porcs charcutiers. J Rech Porcine France 32, 291–296.Google Scholar
Gorin, E & Shafrir, E (1963) Turnover of adipose tissue triglycerides measured by the rates of synthesis and release of triglyceride-glycerol. Biochim Biophys Acta 70, 109–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirsh, J, Farquhar, JW, Ahrens, EH JrPeterson, ML & Stoffel, W (1960) Studies of adipose tissues in man. A microtechnic for sampling and analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 8, 499–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hovik, R & Osmundsen, H (1987) Peroxisomal beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids possessing different extents of unsaturation. Biochem J 247, 531–535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jørgensen, H, Jakobsen, K & Eggum, BO (1993) Determination of endogenous fat and fatty acids at the terminal ileum and on faeces in growing pigs. Acta Agric Scand 43, 101–106.Google Scholar
Kouba, M, Bonneau, M & Noblet, J (1999a) Relative development of subcutaneous, intermuscular, and kidney fat in growing pigs with different body compositions. J Anim Sci 77, 622–629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouba, M, Hermier, D & Le Dividich, J (1999b) Influence of a high ambient temperature on stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activity in the growing pig. Comp Biochem Physiol B-Biochem Mol Biol 124, 7–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kouba, M, Hermier, D & Le Dividich, J (2001) Influence of a high ambient temperature on lipid metabolism in the growing pig. J Anim Sci 79, 81–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Bellego, L, Van Milgen, J & Noblet, J (2002) Effect of high ambient temperature on protein and lipid deposition and energy utilization in growing pigs. Anim Sci 75, 85–96.Google Scholar
Lebret, B & Mourot, J (1998) Characteristics and quality of pig adipose tissue. Effects of rearing factors. INRA Prod Anim 11, 131–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Dividich, J, Noblet, J, Herpin, P, Milgen, J & Quiniou, N (1998) Thermoregulation. In Progress in Pig Science, pp. 229–264 [Wiseman, J, Varley, MA and Chadwick, JP, editors]. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Leonard, AE, Pereira, SL, Sprecher, H & Huang, YS (2004) Elongation of long-chain fatty acids. Progr Lipid Res 43, 36–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leyton, J, Drury, P & Crawford, M (1987) Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat. Br J Nutr 57, 383–393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lizardo, R, Milgen, J, Mourot, J, Noblet, J & Bonneau, M (2002) A nutritional model of fatty acid composition in the growing-finishing pig. Livest Prod Sci 75, 167–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madsen, A, Jakobsen, K & Mortensen, HP (1992) Influence of dietary fat on carcass fat quality in pigs. A review. Acta Agric Scand 42, 220–225.Google Scholar
Mervyn, W & Leat, F (1983) The pool of tissue constituents and products: adipose tissue and structural lipids. In Dynamic Biochemistry of Animal Production, pp. 109–136 [Riis, PM, editor]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.Google Scholar
Miller, M, Shackelford, S, Hayden, K & Reagan, J (1990) Determination of the alteration in fatty acid profiles, sensory characteristics and carcass traits of swine fed elevated levels of monounsaturated fats in the diet. J Anim Sci 68, 1624–1631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moon, YA, Shah, NA, Mohapatra, S, Warrington, JA & Horton, JD (2001) Identification of a mammalian long chain fatty acyl elongase regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. J Biol Chem 276, 45358–45366.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrisson, WR & Smith, LM (1964) Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol. J Lipid Res 5, 600–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mourot, J, Peiniau, P & Mounier, A (1994) Effect of dietary linoleic-acid on lipogenesis in adipose-tissue of pig. Reprod Nutr Dev 34, 213–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble, RC, Steele, W & Moore, JH (1969) The effects of dietary palmitic and stearic acids on milk fat composition in the cow. J Dairy Res 36, 375–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noblet, V, Fortune, H, Shi, XS & Dubais, S (1994) Prediction of net energy value of fedds for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 72, 344–354.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostrowska, E, Cross, R, Muralitharan, M, Bauman, D & Dunshea, F (2003) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid differentially alters fatty acid composition and increases conjugated linoleic acid content in porcine adipose tissue. Br J Nutr 90, 915–928.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raclot, T (2003) Selective mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue triacylglycerols. Progr Lipid Res 42, 257–288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ratkowsky, DA (1983) Nonlinear Regression Modeling. A Unified Practical Approach. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Rinaldo, D & Le Dividich, J (1991) Effects of warm exposure on adipose tissue and muscle metabolism in growing pigs. Comp Biochem Physiol 100A, 995–1002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rioux, V, Lemarchal, P & Legrand, P (2000) Myristic acid, unlike palmitic acid, is rapidly metabolized in cultured rat hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 11, 198–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
StJohn, LC, Lunt, DK & Smith, SB (1991) Fatty acid elongation and desaturation enzyme activities of bovine liver and subcutaneous adipose tissue microsomes. J Anim Sci 69, 1064–1073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS (2000) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 8. NC: SAS Publishing.Google Scholar
Smith, CR, Knabe, DA & Smith, SB (1996) Depression of lipogenesis in swine adipose tissue by specific dietary fatty acids. J Anim Sci 74, 975–983.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Milgen, J & Noblet, J (1999) Energy partitioning in growing pigs: the use of a multivariate model as an alternative for the factorial analysis. J Anim Sci 77, 2154–2162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittemore, CT & Fawcett, RH (1976) Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to stimulate protein and lipid growth in pigs. Anim Prod 22, 87–96.Google Scholar
Wiseman, J & Agunbiade, JA (1998) The influence of changes in dietary fat and oils on fatty acid profiles of carcass fat in finishing pigs. Livest Prod Sci 54, 217–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, JD (1984) Fat deposition and the quality of fat tissue in meat animals Fats in Animal Nutrition 407–435. Wiseman J London ButterworthsGoogle Scholar