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A cross-sectional study of dietary patterns with glucose intolerance and other features of the metabolic syndrome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Desmond E. M. Williams ,
A. Toby Prevost ,
Margaret J. Whichelow ,
Brian D. Cox ,
Nicholas E. Day  and
Nicholas J. Wareham
Desmond E. M. Williams
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
A. Toby Prevost
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
Margaret J. Whichelow
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
Brian D. Cox
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
Nicholas E. Day
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
Nicholas J. Wareham*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Medicine, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK
*
*Corresponding author: Dr N. J. Wareham, fax +44 (0)1223 330330, email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated relationships between individual nutrients and glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, but the association with the overall pattern of dietary intake has not previously been described. In order to characterize this association, 802 subjects aged 40–65 years were randomly selected from a population-based sampling frame and underwent a 75 g oral glucose-tolerance test. Principal component analysis was used to identify four dietary patterns explaining 31·7 % of the dietary variation in the study cohort. These dietary patterns were associated with other lifestyle factors including socio-economic group, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. Component 1 was characterized by a healthy balanced diet with a frequent intake of raw and salad vegetables, fruits in both summer and winter, fish, pasta and rice and low intake of fried foods, sausages, fried fish, and potatoes. This component was negatively correlated with central obesity, fasting plasma glucose, 120 min non-esterified fatty acid and triacylglycerol, and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol. It therefore appears to be protective for the metabolic syndrome. Component 1 was negatively associated with the risk of having undiagnosed diabetes, and this association was independent of age, sex, smoking and obesity. The findings support the hypothesis that dietary patterns are associated with other lifestyle factors and with glucose intolerance and other features of the metabolic syndrome. The results provide further evidence for the recommendation of a healthy balanced diet as one of the main components of chronic disease prevention.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetesDietary patternsPrincipal component analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 83 , Issue 3 , March 2000 , pp. 257 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2000

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