Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T18:24:42.671Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Biopotency of vitamin E in barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

R. V. Juhani Hakkarainen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Jouko T. Työppönen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Saifeldin Hassan
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Gösta Bengtsson
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
S. R. Lennart Jönsson
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Paul O. Lindberg
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Hygiene, Animal Science Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Investigations were carried out to establish the total biopotency of the natural vitamin E isomers in barley compared with that of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.

2. The chick was used as an experimental animal. Prevention of nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) and chick liver-storage and plasma-storage assays of vitamin E were the methods used in the study. The individual tocopherols and tocotrienols, both in the tissue samples and in the grain and barley oil, were analysed using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The diagnosis of NE was based on careful clinical and histopathological observations.

3. It can be concluded from the results that full protection against NE in the chicks was obtained with a supplementation level of 7.5 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet (i.e. a total vitamin E content of 11.20 mg/kg diet) or with a supplement of 8.7 g barley oil/kg diet (i.e. a total vitamin E content of 22.99 mg from barley oil/kg diet). This gave a biopotency factor of 0.49 for barley for prevention of NE of the chicks, as compared to that of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate.

4. Using regression analysis a statistically linear relationship could be observed between the total dietary vitamin E level and the response, as measured by the total vitamin E content in the liver and plasma, both in the groups supplemented with DL-a-tocopheryl acetate and in the groups supplemented with corresponding amounts of vitamin E in barley oil. The liver and plasma responses to the total vitamin E in the barley-oil diet compared with those of the DL-a-tocopheryl acetate reference diet gave identical values for the regression coefficients, i.e. in both liver-storage and plasma-storage assays the value for slopes of dose-response lines was 0.37. This means that the biopotency of the total vitamin E in barley was 37% of that of dietary DL-a-tocopheryl acetate. Thus, barley is not as rich a source of vitamin E as could be supposed on the basis of the chemical determination of its total vitamin E content.

5. It was possible to verify this experimentally established biopotency of 0.37 for the total vitamin E in barley by converting the chemically determined amounts of the vitamin E isomers in barley into DL-α-tocopheryl acetate equivalents by multiplying them with internationally accepted potency factors for the individual natural isomers (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate 1.00, D-α-tocopherol 1.49, D-β-tocopherol 0.60, D-gamma;-tocopherol 0.1 5, D-α-tocotrienol 0.37).

6. In spite of the high proportion of α- and β-tocotrienols in the barley-oil diets (about 60% of the total vitamin E content), only traces of these isomers could be detected in the plasma and none could be detected in the liver. On the other hand, calculation of the individual hiopotencies for the different isomers in the barley-oil diet by comparing the dose responses, diet: liver, separately for each isomer with those of DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, resulted in biopotency values for α- and β-tocopherol which were twice as high as the internationally accepted conversion factors. These results of the present study tempted the authors to draw the conclusion that there may have been a chemical reduction of the α- and β-tocotrienols to the corresponding tocopherols before entering the liver.

Type
Papers on General Nutrition
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1984

References

Adamstone, F. B. (1947). Archives of Pathology 43, 301312.Google Scholar
American Pharmaceutical Association (1960). In National Formulary, 11th ed, pp. 459460. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association.Google Scholar
Bauernfeind, J. C. & Cort, W. M. (1974). In Encyclopedia of Food Technology, pp. 891899 [Johnson, A. H. and Peterson, M. S., editors]. Westport, CT: Avi Publishing Co.Google Scholar
Bengtsson, G., Hakkarainen, J., Jönsson, L., Lannek, N. & Lindberg, P. (1974). Acra Vererinaria Scandinavica 15, 135137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengtsson, G., Hakkarainen, J., Jönsson, L., Lannek, N. & Lindberg, P. (1978 a). Journal of Animal Science 46, 143152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengtsson, G., Hakkarainen, J., Jönsson, L., Lannek, N. & Lindberg, P. (1978 b). Journal of Animal Science 46, 153160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bieri, J. G. & McKenna, M. C. (1981). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 289295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brubacher, G. & Wiss, O. (1972). In The Vitamins: Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Method, vol. V, 2nd ed, pp. 248251 [Sebrell, W. H. Jr and Harris, R. S., editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bunnell, R. H. (1957). Poultry Science 36, 413416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunyan, J., McHale, D., Green, J. & Marcinkiewicz, S. (1961). British Journal of Nutrition 15, 253257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Century, B. & Horwitt, M. K. (1965). Federation Proceedings 24, 906911.Google Scholar
Dam, H. & Søndergaard, E. (1964). Zeitschrifr für Ernährungswissenschaft 5, 7379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Desai, I. D. (1980). In Vitamin E - A Comprehensive Treatise. Basic and Clinical Nutrition, vol. 1, pp. 6798 [Machlin, L. J., editor]. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker Inc.Google Scholar
Dror, Y., Budowski, P., Bubis, J. J., Sandbank, U. & Wolman, M. (1976). In Progress in Neuropathology, vol. 3, pp. 343357 [Zimmermann, H. M., editor]. New York: Grune & Stratton.Google Scholar
Epstein, E., Baginski, E. S. & Zak, B. (1972). Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 2, 244254.Google Scholar
Gallo-Torres, H. E. (1980). In Vitamin E - A Comprehensive Treatise. Basic and Clinical Nutrition, vol. 1, pp. 170192 [Machlin, L. J., editor]. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker Inc.Google Scholar
Hakkarainen, J., Lindberg, P., Bengtsson, G. & Jonsson, L. (1978 a). Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 19, 285297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hakkarainen, J., Lindberg, P., Bengtsson, G., Jönsson, L. & Lannek, N. (1978 b). Journal of Animal Science 46, 10011008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hakkarainen, R. V. J., Työppönen, J. T. & Bengtsson, S. G. (1983 a). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 34, 10291038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hakkarainen, R. V. J., Työppönen, J. T. & Bengtsson, S. G. (1983 b). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 33, 395400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Union of Nutritional Sciences (1976). Generic descriptors and trivial names for vitamins and related compounds: recommendations. In Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (1978), 48A, 831835.Google Scholar
Leth, T. & Søndergaard, H. (1977). Journal of Nutrition 107, 22362243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindberg, P. (1966). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 16, 217220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattil, H. A. (1954). In The Vitamins: Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Methods, vol. III, pp. 489491 [Sebrell, W. H. Jr. and Harris, R. S., editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Parrish, D. B. (1980). CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 13, 161187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pudelkiewicz, W. J., Matterson, L. D., Potter, L. M., Carlson, D., Webster, L. & Singsen, E. P. (1957). Poultry Science 36, 1151.Google Scholar
Scott, M. L. (1978). In Handbook of Lipid Research, vol. 2, The Fat-Soluble Vitamins, pp. 133210. [De Luca, H. F., editor]. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Singsen, E. P., Potter, L. M., Bunnell, R. H., Matterson, L. D., Stinson, L., Amato, S. V. & Jungherr, E. L. (1955). Poultry Science 34, 1234.Google Scholar
Slover, H. T. (1971). Lipids 6, 291296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, W. G. (1968). Statistical Methods. 593 pp. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Søndergaard, H. & Leth, T. (1978). Ugeskrift 123, 137141.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. L., Lambden, M. P. & Tappel, A. L. (1976). Lipids 11, 530538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, A. & Pappenheimer, A. M. (1931). Journal of Experimental Medicine 54, 399406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar