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Associations of various healthy dietary patterns with biological age acceleration and the mediating role of gut microbiota: results from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2024

Hongmei Zhang ,
Haojiang Zuo ,
Yi Xiang ,
Jiajie Cai ,
Ning Zhang ,
Fen Yang ,
Shourui Huang ,
Yuan Zhang ,
Hongxiang Chen  and
Sicheng Li
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Hongmei Zhang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Haojiang Zuo
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Yi Xiang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Jiajie Cai
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Ning Zhang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Fen Yang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Shourui Huang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Yuan Zhang
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Hongxiang Chen
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Sicheng Li
Affiliation:
Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Tingting Yang
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
Fei Mi
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Liling Chen
Affiliation:
Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Mingming Han
Affiliation:
Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Jingzhong Li*
Affiliation:
Tibet Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tibet, People’s Republic of China
Xiong Xiao*
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
Xing Zhao
Affiliation:
West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
*
Corresponding authors: Xiong Xiao; Email: [email protected]; Jingzhong Li; Email: [email protected]
Corresponding authors: Xiong Xiao; Email: [email protected]; Jingzhong Li; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and biological ageing, identify the most recommended dietary pattern for ageing and explore the potential mediating role of gut microbiota in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMRs). This prospective cohort study included 8288 participants aged 30–79 years from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study. Anthropometric measurements and clinical biomarkers were utilised to construct biological age based on Klemera and Doubal’s method (KDM-BA) and KDM-BA acceleration (KDM-AA). Dietary information was obtained through the baseline FFQ. Six dietary patterns were constructed: plant-based diet index, healthful plant-based diet index, unhealthful plant-based diet index, healthy diet score, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and alternative Mediterranean diets. Follow-up adjusted for baseline analysis assessed the associations between dietary patterns and KDM-AA. Additionally, quantile G-computation identified significant beneficial and harmful food groups. In the subsample of 764 participants, we used causal mediation model to explore the mediating role of gut microbiota in these associations. The results showed that all dietary patterns were associated with KDM-AA, with DASH exhibiting the strongest negative association (β = −0·91, 95 % CI (–1·19, −0·63)). The component analyses revealed that beneficial food groups primarily included tea and soy products, whereas harmful groups mainly comprised salt and processed vegetables. In mediation analysis, the Synergistetes and Pyramidobacter possibly mediated the negative associations between plant-based diets and KDM-AA (5·61–9·19 %). Overall, healthy dietary patterns, especially DASH, are negatively associated with biological ageing in LEMRs, indicating that Synergistetes and Pyramidobacter may be potential mediators. Developing appropriate strategies may promote healthy ageing in LEMRs.

Keywords

DietBiological ageingGut microbiotaMediation analysisFollow-up adjusted for baseline analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 132 , Issue 11 , 14 December 2024 , pp. 1490 - 1502
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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Footnotes

†

Joint first authorship

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