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Association of chrono-nutrition components with cardiometabolic health in a sample of Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2024

Azadeh Lesani Open the ORCID record for Azadeh Lesani [Opens in a new window] ,
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh Open the ORCID record for Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh [Opens in a new window] ,
Kurosh Djafarian ,
Maryam Majdi ,
Zahra Akbarzade Open the ORCID record for Zahra Akbarzade [Opens in a new window]  and
Sakineh Shab-Bidar Open the ORCID record for Sakineh Shab-Bidar [Opens in a new window]
Azadeh Lesani
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Sheida Zeraattalab-Motlagh
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Kurosh Djafarian
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Maryam Majdi
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Zahra Akbarzade
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
Sakineh Shab-Bidar*
Affiliation:
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
*
Corresponding author: Sakineh Shab-Bidar; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field that examines how the frequency and timing of meals impact health. Previous research shows inconsistency in the relationship between chrono-nutritional components and cardiometabolic health. We investigated cross-sectional associations between these components and cardiometabolic health in 825 Iranian adults aged 20–59 years. Dietary data, including the number of eating occasions, meal timing and meal irregularity of energy intake, were collected using three 24-h dietary recalls. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and laboratory tests (fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, uric acid and C-reactive protein) were conducted. Insulin resistance and sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity), the TAG-glucose, the lipid accommodation product and BMI were calculated. The demographic and morning-evening questionnaire was completed. General linear regression was used to assess associations between chrono-nutritional components and outcomes. Interactions with age and BMI were examined in all associations. Chrono-nutrition components were not significantly related to cardiometabolic risk factors in the total population. However, a lower number of eating occasions was associated with an increased LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (β (95 % CI): 0·26 (0·06, 0·48)) among overweight and obese participants. Additionally, less irregularity in breakfast energy intake was associated with a lower total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (–0·37 (–0·95, –0·18)) and a lower LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (–0·32 (–0·79, –0·13)) among participants with a normal BMI (all P< 0·05). The study concluded that more frequent meals and regular energy intake might enhance cardiometabolic health cross-sectionally, highlighting the need for prospective studies to further investigate these associations and the mediating role of BMI.

Keywords

Chrono-nutritionMeal timingMeal frequencyIrregularityCardiometabolic risk factors
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 133 , Issue 1 , 14 January 2025 , pp. 94 - 106
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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