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α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) susceptibility rather than viscosity or gastric emptying rate controls plasma responses to starch in healthy humans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

F. R. J. Bornet ,
Y. Bizais ,
S. Bruley Des Varannes ,
B. Pouliquen ,
J. Delort Laval  and
J. P. Galmiche
F. R. J. Bornet
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de technologie appliquée à la nutrition, BP 527, 44026 Nantes, Cedex 03, France
Y. Bizais
Affiliation:
The Projet DIMI Hôpital Guillaume et René Laënnec, Nantes, France
S. Bruley Des Varannes
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionelles Digestives, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laënnec, Nantes, France
B. Pouliquen
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionelles Digestives, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laënnec, Nantes, France
J. Delort Laval
Affiliation:
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire de technologie appliquée à la nutrition, BP 527, 44026 Nantes, Cedex 03, France
J. P. Galmiche
Affiliation:
Laboratoire d'Explorations Fonctionelles Digestives, Hôpital Guillaume et René Laënnec, Nantes, France
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Abstract

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The relationship between starch α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) susceptibility, plasma responses and gastric emptying rates has been investigated in humans. Nine randomly chosen healthy subjects were given three carbohydrate test meals (25 g starch or equivalent glucose units): two maize starch pastes with (a) 240 (S24) or (b) 500 (S50) g amylose/kg, and a glucose solution (GS). At 30 min, in vitro starch α-amylolysis was 48 (sd 4)% for S24 and 35 (sd 4)% for S50. Test meals differed in viscosity (mPas: S24, 54000; S50, 190; GS, 4). Carbohydrates were labelled with 99mTechnetium and isotope gastric emptying was measured by external gamma counting. Carbohydrate isotopic gastric emptying patterns were exponential. Half gastric emptying time (min) was significantly (P < 0.05) shorter for S50 (19 (sd 2)) than for GS (26 (sd 2)) or S24 (29 (sd 2)). No correlation was found between half gastric emptying time and plasma response values. Values for peak insulin (pmol/l) above fasting were significantly (P < 0.05) different: GS, 306 (sd 11); S24, 227 (sd 11); S50, 187 (sd 11). It is concluded that α-amylase susceptibility of the test carbohydrates is a determining factor in the insulin response of healthy subjects, while viscosity of the test meals and gastric emptying rate have no effect.

Keywords

α-Amylase hydrolysisGastric emptyingStarchViscosity
Type
Digestion, Absorption and Gut Physiology
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , March 1990 , pp. 207 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1990

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