Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 April 2017
The balloon has long drifted through popular discourse as a symbol of an Enlightenment attitude towards discovery and a Romanticized image of rationality. This article uses two accounts of early British balloon voyages, both published in 1786, and through them attempts to understand the wide range of practices – literary, social, chemical and adventurous – employed by early balloonists in Britain. I argue that the two series of flights recorded by John Jeffries and Vincenzo Lunardi can be read to show two different philosophical ideas of and aspirations for ballooning, each of which is tied to a different British location, and established a different paradigm for the public reception of flight experiments in later years.
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3 As an example of the risks involved it should be noted that French balloonist Pilatre de Rozier was the first person to die in a ballooning accident when he attempted to cross from France to England six months later.
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10 This division of technical and scientific knowledge has a contemporary source of authority, which influenced experimental philosophy (particularly at the Royal Society) at the time. Ephraim Chambers's diagrammatic outline of the ‘tree of knowledge’, published in 1728, describes knowledge as belonging to one of two branches: the natural and scientific, or the artificial and technical. Jeffries's intention to investigate the upper atmosphere via balloon aligns him with the pursuit of scientific knowledge, which is either ‘Sensible’ or ‘Rational’, a distinction Jeffries navigates in his sensory descriptions of the flight, and his outlook on the world below. Blanchard, according to this authoritative contemporary diagram of knowledge production, belongs to the artificial and technical realms of applied arts. From their inception, Jeffries and Blanchard's flights conformed to the expectations of a Royal Society audience in the way that they managed the creation and presentation of new discoveries relating to human flight.
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