The body of the text of this paper was prepared through the cooperation of the two authors The Appendix was written by W. R. Albury alone, but the suggestions put forward there have the support of his co-author.

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¹¹ Agricola, G., De ortu et causis subterraneorum lib. V (Basle, 1546).Google Scholar

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¹⁴ Ibid., p. 29. ‘I shall now discuss earths which have taken their names either from the locality in which they are found or from their color …’

¹⁵ de Boodt, A. Boethius, Gemmarum et lapidum historia, qua non solum ortus, natura, vis & precium, sed etiam modus quo exiis, olea, salia, tincturae, essentiae, arcana & magisteria arte chymica confici possint, ostenditur. Opus principibus, medicis, chymicis, physicis, ac liberalioribus ingeniis utilissimum. Cum variis figuris, indeceque duplici & copioso (Hanover, 1609).Google Scholar

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⁵³ We disagree, on this point, with the view commonly expressed in the secondary literature, that the application of chemical criteria to mineral classification was introduced ‘in the last quarter of the eighteenth century’; Adams, F. D., The birth and development of the geological sciences (2nd edn., New York, 1954), p. 200Google Scholar. In the Appendix, below, some suggestions are offered as to why the programme of investigating the internal constituents of bodies arose in mineral taxonomy so much earlier than it did in the classification of plants and animals.

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⁵⁶ Ibid., p. 138. Italics in original.

⁵⁷ Ibid., p. 293.

⁵⁸ We shall return to the question of this relationship below.

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⁷⁰ Ibid., pp. 128–9.

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⁷⁴ This is apparent, for example, in: von Buch, L., ‘Uber den Gabbro, mit einigen Bermerk-ungen uber den Begriff einer Gebirgsart’ Der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin: Magazin für die neuesten Entdeckungen in der gessammten Naturkunde, v (1810), 128–49Google Scholar; and von Humboldt, A., A geognostic essay on the superposition of rocks, in both hemispheres … translated from the original French (London, 1823), pp. 3, 23 and passim.Google Scholar

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⁷⁸ Ibid., p.xxx: ‘un organe est plutôt altéré, atrophié, anéanti, que transposé’.

⁷⁹ Ibid., p. xxviii.

⁸⁰ de Voisins, J. F. d'Aubuisson, ‘Suite de la lettre de M. d'Aubuisson, a M. Berthollet, sur les travaux de M. Werner, en minéralogie’, Annales de chimie, lxix (1809), 225–48 (p. 229). Our translation.Google Scholar

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