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Jesuit Reactions to the Restoration of the Hierarchy: The Diocese of Liverpool, 1850–1880

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2015

Peter Doyle
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Extract

In the haphazard circumstances of the English mission, the Society of Jesus offered the virtues of discipline and organisation, the methodical self-programming of the Spiritual Exercises, and a record of missionary success from China to Peru’. The healthy survival of Catholicism in Lancashire through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries owed a great deal to the active ministry of the Jesuits and by the 1770s they were running fifteen missions in the county. After the suppression of the Society in 1773 they continued to run these as ex-Jesuits but the years of the suppression became increasingly difficult. One important issue concerned the ownership of the Society’s funds and property: the Vicars Apostolic believed these should continue to be applied to the purposes for which they had originally been entrusted to the Society, that is the good of religion in the various Districts; some of the ex-Jesuits, however, believed they were the obvious inheritors and should control and benefit from the accumulated funds.

Type
Research Article
Information
British Catholic History , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , May 2002 , pp. 210 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © Catholic Record Society 2003

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References

Notes

1 Hilton, J. A., Catholic Lancashire, From Reformation to Renewal 1559–1991, 1994, pp. 21–2Google Scholar.

2 Edwards pp. 144–172. See also Holt, T. G., ‘The English Ex-Jesuits and the Restoration’, Archivům Historicum Societatis Jesu, vol. 42 ( 1973), pp. 288–311 Google Scholar.

3 Whitehead, Maurice, ‘The English Jesuits and Episcopal Authority: The Liverpool Test Case, 1840–1843’, Recusant History, vol. 18, no. 2 (October 1986), pp. 197–219 Google Scholar.

4 Edwards, p. 175.

5 Parts of this article appeared in a paper entitled ‘Lancashire Benedictines: The Restoration of the Hierarchy’, delivered to the E.B.C. History Composium in 1983 and published privately the same year.

6 For earlier quarrels see the general accounts in J. C. H. Aveling, The Handle and the Axe, 1976; J. Bossy, The English Catholic Community 1570–1850, 1975; B. Hemphill, The Early Vicars Apostolic of England, 1954, and Edwards, op. cit.

7 Ward, B., The Sequel to Catholic Emancipation, 2 vols. 1915, 1, pp. 254–7Google Scholar; it is possible the petition was not presented.

8 Dom Peter Allanson to President Molyneux, 30 Nov. 1851, Ampleforth MSS 239, no. 30.

9 The decrees are in Ward, op. cit., 1, pp. 258–61; see also pp. 147, ff.

10 AAL, Misc. vol. VI, Letters etc., of Bishop Briggs, pp. 25–58.

11 On the reliability of these figures, see Recusant History, vol. 9, 1968 (Whyte, J. H.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; 10, 1969 (T. G. Holt); 11, 1970 (McEvilly). For 1818, see Brady, W. M., The Episcopal Succession in England, Scotland and Ireland, 3 vols. 1876 Google Scholar (repr. London 1971), vol. 3, pp. 191, 235, 270, 311. For 1830, Aveling, op. cit., pp. 319, ff.

12 Bossy, op. cit., pp. 49, ff; Ward, op. cit., 1, pp. 138, ff.

13 Ward, W., The Life and Times of Cardinal Wiseman, 2 vols. 1897 Google Scholar, 2, p. 67.

14 LRO, RCLV 5/2/111–4, Goss to Errington, 7 Dec. 1857.

15 For 1817, APASJ, ‘College of St. Aloysius’; Rixton to Wigan, c. 1740–1890; for 1840, Whitehead, op. cit.

16 AAL, Liverpool Chapter Minutes, 27 June 1854 and 27 March 1855.

17 For Faber’s sermon see The Tablet, 1 Oct. and 10 Dec. 1853.

18 See the Catholic Directory for the relevant years, and Edwards, pp. 196–7. On St. Francis Xavier’s College, see note 54 below.

19 Decreta, pp. 35–7.

20 Ibidem., pp. 92-t; AAW, R9I/9, 25 July 1853, for letter to the bishops.

21 Decreta, pp. 100–5.

22 On Goss, see Brady, op. cit., 3, pp. 418–22; J. Gillow, Bibliographical Dictionary of the English Catholics, 2, pp. 435—40.

23 LRO, RCLV 5/1/24–7, Goss to Bishop Clifford, 8 Nov. 1855.

24 Ibidem., 5/1/465, Goss to Greenough, OSB; on Goss’ general problems with the questionnaire, see Peter Doyle, “‘A Tangled Skein of Confusion”: The Administration of George Hilary Brown, Bishop of Liverpool 1850–1856’, Recusant History, vol. 25, no. 2 (Oct. 2000), pp. 294–303.

25 APASJ, ‘Bishops and Cardinals, 1840–1891’, 17 Jan. 1859.

26 Ibidem., AE/4.

27 Ibidem.

28 Synodi, p. 69.

29 Decreta, pp. 313–5.

30 LRO, RCLV 5/5/211, Goss to Bishop Brown of Newport, 9 Dec. 1868.

31 APASJ, ‘Bishops and Cardinals, 1840–1891’, n.223, Porter to Whitty, 13 June 1871; see also n.225, Allanson OSB to Provincial, 21 June 1871.

32 Synodi, pp. 84–5.

33 LRO, RCLV 5/5/223, Goss to Weld (S.J. Provincial), 23 Oct. 1869.

34 AAW, Bishops’ Meetings, 1868.

35 LRO, RCLV 5/4/619, Goss to Cobb, 24 Dec. 1864.

36 Ibidem.

37 LRO, RCLV 5/1/437, Goss to Gosford, 17 Feb. 1857.

38 APASJ, loc. cit., n. 205, 4 August 1869.

39 Ibidem.

40 Ibidem, nn. 206, 207, 214, all of Nov, 1869.

41 Synodi, pp. 35–6.

42 LRO, RCLV 5/4/496, Goss to Clough, 2 Feb. 1864; Synodi, pp. 55–6.

43 LRO, RCLV 5/5/190 & 200, Goss to Porter 29 April & 16 Sept. 1868; APASJ, loc. cit., letters of May, June and July 1868.

44 APASJ, loc. cit., Etheridge to Provincial, 2 June 1868.

45 APE S.R. Anglia, vol. 21, nn. 98–9, 29 May 1878.

46 For the conferences, see Peter Doyle, ‘Missed Opportunities: Clerical Conferences in the Nineteenth Century’, The Downside Review, Oct. 1982, pp. 263–273.

47 Ibidem., p. 265.

48 LRO, RCLV Secretary’s book, 5/6/1/213, 244, and 5/1/287, Goss to Sumner, 29 Aug., 10 Oct. and 31 Oct. 1856.

49 Ibidem., 5/6/1/545, Goss to Clough, 28 April 1864.

50 Ibidem., Conference Reports, 1864–5, pp. 9–11.

51 Ibidem., 5/2/421, Goss to McCormick, 31 Dec. 1858. Disputes occurred as late as 1877, see APASJ, SS/7.

52 LRO, RCLV Secretary’s book, 5/6/1/500 and 501, Goss’ secretary to Hill S.J. and McCormick, 3 Feb. 1864; also 5/4/40, Goss to Hill S.J. 19 March 1861.

53 APASJ, College of St. Aloysius and St. Francis Xavier, District notebook of 1859, folios 73, ff; also n. 6, Glover S.J. to Cardinal Acton in Rome, 16 Feb. 1842. See Whitehead op. cit. for full details.

54 APASJ, loc. cit., n. 9, Brown to Provincial, 6 April 1847. On St. Francis Xavier’s College, see Whitehead, op. cit., pp. 212–215, Edwards, pp. 196, 206, and Whitehead, Maurice, ‘The Jesuit Contribution to Science and Technical Education in Late-Nineteenth-Century Liverpool’, Annals of Science 43 (1986), pp. 353–68 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

55 LRO, RCLV 5/1/461, Goss to Dean Gillow of Preston, 1 April 1857.

56 APF, S.R. Anglia, vol. 21, nn. 588–603.

57 Edwards, pp. 202–3. See Decreta, pp. 345–65, for the full text of Romanos Pontífices.

58 Edwards, p. 202.