¹ Sanneh, Lamin, Whose Religion is Christianity? The Gospel beyond the West (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003)Google Scholar .

² Philip Jenkins, The Next Christendom: the coming of global Christianity, 3^rd edition (Oxford/New York, 2011), 31.

³ Elsewhere Jenkins calculates that in the year 1000 CE Asia and Egypt probably boasted up to 25 million Christians against a European total of not much more. More significant than numbers is the undoubted fact that a fair number of the European Christians would have been first- or second-generation members—rather as are Africans today—whereas the Asians and Egyptians would have had up to twenty-five or even thirty generations of Christian heritage behind them. See Philip Jenkins, The Lost History of Christianity. The Thousand-Year Golden Age of the Church in the Middle East, Africa and Asia—and how it died (Oxford, 2008), 70.

⁴ ‘For the entire period 200–1000 Christianity remained predominantly a religion of Asia and of northern Africa […] By the year 1000 AD what could be called ‘European’ Christianity had only recently been established […] What we call Western Christendom was out on a limb. It was the Christianity of a peripheral zone’. Peter Brown, Rise of Western Christendom: triumph and diversity, AD 200–1000, 10^th anniversary revised edition, (Oxford, 2013), xvi.

⁵ Jenkins, The Next Christendom, 72–3.