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8 Burnand, F. C. (ed.) The Catholic Who’s Who (London, 1909), pp. 65–66 Google Scholar; 266–67.

9 I am grateful to Dr. J. M. Bourne for this information.

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11 The General Annual Report of the British Army, 1913.

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35 The Catholic Federationist, September 1914, p. 2.

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38 Tablet, 8 August 1914, p. 204.

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48 Casartelli, L., Auxilium Christianorum: a Lenten Pastoral Letter (Salford, 1916), p. 87–88 Google Scholar; Barry, W., ‘Is Turkey Doomed?’, Dublin Review, 159, 1916, p. 179 Google Scholar; The Month, 127, 1916, p. 382. For a study of Barry’s influential views on the war see Gilley, S., ‘Father William Barry: Priest and Novelist’, Recusant History, 24, 1999, pp. 545–549 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

49 Month, 127, 1916, p. 382.

50 Ibidem, December 1916, vol. 128, p. 556.

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56 While being formed in 1915, three battalions of the 16th (Irish) Division were fleshed out with volunteers from the Channel Islands Militias (Middlebrook, Your Country Needs You, pp. 52–53). In terms of replacements, after suffering heavy losses around Ypres in August 1917 the 7th Leinster Regiment received over 100 replacements from the King’s Shropshire Light Infantry, the progressive dilution of the battalion’s Irish character being reflected in the fact that only 57 per cent of its fatal casualties for 1917 were Irish-born ( Denman, T., ‘An Irish battalion at war: from the letters of Captain Staniforth, J. H. M.’, Irish Sword, 17, 1987–1990, p. 172)Google Scholar. The use of English conscripts as replacements for Irish regiments was controversial given Ireland’s successful opposition to conscription and the practice was protested with some success by English M.P.s in the House of Commons (Middlebrook, Your Country Needs You, p. 146).

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60 Tablet, 17 July 1915, p. 84.

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70 Tablet, 17 July 1915, p. 84.

71 Ibidem, 24 October 1914, p. 583.

72 In November 1914 Bishop J. S. Vaughan wrote to the Manchester Guardian that ‘a small man . . . presents a smaller target to the enemy’s guns . . . and is as a rule more combative and mettlesome than his weightier brethren . . . From Caesar to Napoleon and from Napoleon to our “Bobs”, some of the greatest soldiers have been some of the smallest men.’ Tablet, 5 December 1914, p. 765.

73 Catholic Federationist, January 1915, p. 1.

74 Ibidem.

75 Catholics of the British Empire, p. 8.

76 Tablet, 12 September 1914, p. 377.

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78 Catholics of the British Empire, p. 7.

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88 Ibidem, 5 September 1914, p. 356.

89 Ibidem, 3 October 1914, p. 475.

90 Catholics of the British Empire, pp. 7–8.

91 The Catholic Directory (1914), p. 625.

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94 Callan, ‘Recruiting for the British Army in Ireland’, p. 53; General Annual Report of the British Army, 1913.

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96 Tablet, 28 November 1914, p. 728.

97 41 men out of 252 have been identified as Roman Catholics. See Turner, W., Accrington Pals (London, 1992), p. 204–209 Google Scholar. According to Catholic sources, the Catholic population of Lancashire was 666,767 out of a total population of 4,820,508. See The Catholic Directory (1914), pp. 623.

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107 Month, 132, September 1918, pp. 221–22. Foch, in turn, was not unappreciative of their efforts, describing their gift of 30,000 communions as ‘a great act of faith’. See Tablet, 15 March 1919, p. 305.

108 Catholics of the British Empire, p. 8.

109 Ibidem, pp. 70–72.

110 Ibidem, pp. 32–8.

111 Tablet, 3 July 1915, p. 17. See also accounts of Sergeant Michael O’Leary’s reception at Dublin (Tablet, 10 July 1915, p. 49) and at Archbishop’s House, Westminster (Tablet, 24 July 1915, p. 129).

112 Ibidem, 24 July 1915, p. 129.

113 Tablet, 3 July 1915, p. 17.

114 Month, 127, January 1916, p. 181.

115 Catholics of the British Empire, p. 6.

116 Month, 129, January 1917, pp. 70–72.

117 Ibidem, 129, January 1917, p. 79.

118 Catholics and the British Empire, p. 68.

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153 Tablet, 12 December 1914, p. 796.

154 Barry, W., The Knights of the Red Cross. A Sermon Preached at the Requiem for Fallen Catholic Soldiers and Sailors Belonging to the Catholic Missions of Birmingham, in St. Chad’s Cathedral, before the Archbishop and Clergy, on June I, 1915 (London, 1915), pp. 12; 14Google Scholar.

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158 Williamson, B., ‘Happy Days’ in France and Flanders (London, 1921), p. 64 Google Scholar.

159 Tablet, 3 October 1914, p. 481.

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167 Anon., C.W.L. Soldiers ’ Recreation Huts, undated, n.p.

168 Plater, ‘Letter to a Catholic Soldier’, p. 2.

169 For the Front, p. 42.

170 Tablet, 20 February 1915, p. 233.

171 Ibidem, 20 February 1915, pp. 233–234.

172 Martindale, Charles Dominic Plater S.J., p. 221.

173 Tablet, 27 February 1915, p. 274.

174 O’Rahilly, Father William Doyle, p. 405.

175 Becker, War and Faith, pp. 47–59. Becker’s work, however, is hampered by the fact that she considers it ‘impossible to undertake a statistical study’ of these men.

176 The Catholic Directory (1914), p. 623; Norman, Roman Catholicism in England, p. 109.

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213 G. Parsons, ‘Victorian Roman Catholicism’, p. 179.

214 Ward, Insurrection Versus Resurrection, p. 469.

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216 McLeod, Religion and Society, pp. 40–41.

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237 Ibidem, pp. 13–14.

238 Ibidem, p. 10.

239 Ibidem, p. 13.

240 Ibidem, p. 18.

241 Ibidem, p. 29.

242 Ibidem, p. 26.

243 Ibidem, p. 33.

244 Ibidem, p. 34.

245 Ibidem, p. 38.

246 Parsons, ‘Victorian Roman Catholicism’, pp. 166–67.

247 Ibidem, pp. 36; 149.

248 Ibidem, p. 41.

249 Ibidem, p. 53.

250 Ibidem, p. 42.

251 Ibidem.

252 Ibidem.

253 Ibidem, p. 50.

254 Ibidem, p. 48.

255 Ibidem.

256 Ibidem, p. 55.

257 Ibidem.

258 Ibidem, p. 88.

259 Ibidem, p. 78.

260 Ibidem, pp. 96–106.

261 Ibidem, p. 89.

262 Ibidem, pp. 90; 93.

263 Ibidem, p. 107.

264 Ibidem.

265 Ibidem, p. 113.

266 Ibidem, p. 126.

267 Ibidem, p. 128.

268 Ibidem, p. 131.

269 Ibidem, p. 130.

270 Ibidem, p. 135.

271 Ibidem.

272 Ibidem, p. 136.

273 Ibidem, p. 120.

274 Ibidem, p. 135.

275 Ibidem, p. 139.

276 Ibidem, p. 140.

277 Ibidem, p. 149.

278 Tablet, 14 February 1920, p. 210.

279 Martindale, Charles Dominic Plater, p. 238.

280 Ibidem, p. 239.

281 Tablet, 7 August, 1915, p. 184.

282 Catholic Federationist, August 1917, p. 1.

283 Maurice, F. and Arthur, G., The Life of Lord Wolseley (London, 1924), p. 266 Google Scholar.

284 Catholic Federationist, May 1917, p. 1.

285 Cairns (ed.), The Army and Religion, p. 189.