^1. Hasted, E., The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, II (Canterbury, 1782), 125.Google Scholar A history of the properties to 1601 is in the Public Record Office, Patent Rolls, 43 Eliz., pars 15, with numerous related documents. William Baynham's arms are depicted in the British Museum Harleian MS. 4,108, fol. 65r and Add. MS. 14,307, fol. 9r.

^2. Return. Members of Parliament. Part I. Parliaments of England, 1213-1702 ([London], 1878).Google Scholar I am grateful to E. L. C. Mullins, Esq., for discussing these matters.

^3. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 37 Eliz., pars 30; B.M. Lansdowne MS. 78, no. 67; P.R.O. Special Commissions Exchequer, 43 Eliz., no. 1,180; Patent Rolls, 43 Eliz., pars 15. A William Baynham was buried in Boxley on 23 October 1597 (Cave-Browne, J., The History of Boxley Parish (Maidstone, 1892), p. 160).Google Scholar

^4. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 41 Eliz., pars 2; John's will was proved on 7 November 1636 (P.C.C., 113 Pile).

^5. P.C.G., 11 Wallopp. The Genealogist, n.s. X (London, n.d.), 27, n. 1 contains errors.

^6. Thomas (Fortescue) Lord, Clermont, A History of the Family of Fortescue (London, 1869), p. 18.Google Scholar

^7. P.R.O. Inquisitiones post mortem, no. 91 (C.142/254); Patent Rolls, 43 Eliz., pars 15.

^8. Alumni Oxonienses …, ed. by Foster, J., 4 vols. (Oxford, 1891–1892), I, 93;Google Scholar Register of the University of Oxford, II, ii (Oxford, 1887), 199;Google Scholar II, iii (1888), 195;, Middle Temple Records, ed. by Hopwood, C. H., I (London, 1904), 363, 371Google Scholar; Register of Admissions to the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, 3 vols., I (London, 1949); Return (1878), p. 434.Google Scholar

^9. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 41 Eliz., partes 2, 12, 13, 30; A Bibliography of Royal Proclamations … 1485-1714, II (Oxford, 1910),Google Scholar October 1599; Metcalfe, C., A Book of Knights (London, 1885), p. 210.Google Scholar

^10. P.R.O. Proceedings in Star Chamber, 42 Eliz., I, 29; XXVII, 38; XLIII, 37; XLIV, 24; XLV, 10; the episode is narrated by Hotson, L. in Shakespeare's Sonnets Dated (London, 1949), pp. 89–110,Google Scholar and in other publications.

^11. Alumni Oxonienses, II, 594.

^12. London Records Office, Repertories 25, fols. 66v-67r, 74r; Acts of the Privy Council, n.s. XXX (London, 1905), 203–204;Google Scholar John, Hawarde, Les Reportes del Cases in Camera Stellata …, ed. by Baildon, W. P. (Privately printed, 1894), pp. 114–115;Google Scholar Philip Gawdy heard that Baynham was fined five hundred marks (Letters … ed. by Jeayes, I. H. (London, 1906), p. 101).Google Scholar

^13. A letter from Anthony Rivers to Robert Parsons, 13 January 1601, in Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, ed. by Foley, H., 7 vols. (London, 1877-1882), I, 7.Google Scholar

^14. MS. account in B.M.'s copy E. 1940(1) of [Francis, Bacon's] A Declaration of the Practices & Treasons Attempted … by Robert Late Earle of Essex (London, 1601).Google Scholar

^15. P.R.O. Baga de secretis, pouch LVII; S.P. Dom. Eliz., 278/103.

^16. S.P., Dom. Eliz. 278/101; Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland, ed. by Bruce, J., Camden Society, LXXVIII (1868), 81.Google Scholar

^17. Eliz, S.P., Dom.. 281/67; The Letters of John Chamberlain, ed. by McLure, N. E., 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1939), I, 121.Google Scholar

^18. Acts of the Privy Council, XXXII, 153–154;Google Scholar Cal. S.P. Dom. Add. 1580-1625, XXXIV, 34;Google Scholar P.R.O. Patent Roll, Eliz. 43, pars 9.

^19. P.R.O. Exchequer, Kings Remembrancer Certificates of Residence, vol. 69, no. 24; Special Commissions, 43 Eliz., 1,180, 2,316, etc.; Acts of the Privy Council, XXXI, 149.Google Scholar

^20. The Historie of the Most Renowned and Victorious Princesse Elizabeth, trans, by Norton, T. (London, 1630), p. 186.Google Scholar The original (Annates … (Leyden, 1625), p. 801)Google Scholar reads in part: “ … ut Littletonus, … Bainhamus, qui lascivia & magistratuum contemptu praeceps abierat, & Orellus … judicio subjiceren-tur… . Vitae tarnen omnium parcitur, quam Bainhamus pecunia Raleigho numerata redemit….” Wilson, A., in The History of Great Britain (London, 1653), p. 4,Google Scholar implies that “Bainham” was implicated with Markham in Ralegh's alleged plot in 1603. I cannot confirm this. Wilson does not mention Baynham later.

^21. E.g., Devereux, W. B., Lives … of the Devereux, Earls of Essex, 2 vols. London, 1853), II, 198;Google Scholar Eccles, M., Christopher Marlowe in London (Cambridge, Mass., 1934), p. 63.Google Scholar

^22. Folger Shakespeare Library, MS. PR /1405 / R2.

^23. Historical MSS. Commission, Report on Manuscripts in Various Collections, IV (Dublin, 1907), 325.Google Scholar

^24. Historical MSS. Commission, Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XI (Dublin, 1906), 332.Google Scholar

^25. P.R.O. Patent Rolls, 43 Eliz., pars 15, trans, by S.E.S.

^26. Thomas (Fortescue) Lord, Clermont, A History of the Family of Fortescue, II, 17–18.Google Scholar

^27. Stebbing, W., Sir Walter Ralegh (Oxford, 1891), p. 242.Google Scholar

^28. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 43 Eliz., partes 5, 8, 13; 44 Eliz., partes 4, 5, 6, 12, 14. 15, 23, 45; 45 Eliz., pars 2; 2 James I, pars 5.

^29. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 44 Eliz., pars 8.

^30. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 43 Eliz., partes 16, 19.

^31. S.P. Dom. Eliz., 285/23. Michelbourne had been fined two hundred pounds for his part in the Essex rebellion (Acts of the Privy Council, XXXI, 261, 313-314, 484, 488). He survived the duel to have it rumoured in 1605 that he had been “sawed ... in peeces with a wodden sawe” in a seafight in the Indies (Letters of Philip Gawdy, p. 163), but he was in England in 1606 (Chamberlain, Letters, I, 211).

^32. Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland, pp. 73-74. Northumberland to James VI is not impeccable; see Gardiner, S., History of England … 1603-1642, 10 vols. (London, 1884), I, 85, n. 1.Google Scholar

^33. V.C.L. Gulielmi Camdeni … epistolae (London, 1691), pp. 347–348.Google Scholar Perhaps because of a reference to the Queen's “climacterical year” and to her “recovery”, this letter of unspecified year has been dated 1595 (John, Strype, Annals of the Reformation (Oxford, 1824), IV, 331–332)Google Scholar or 1596 (Morgan, G. B., The Great English Treason for Religion, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1931), I, 94)Google Scholar; but Baynham's title and companions suggest 1603 (unless the title was introduced by the transcriber of the letter), as A. Jessopp took it in an article on Catesby in the Dictionary of National Biography, referring to Cal. S.P. Dom. James I, 1603-1610, p. 1.

^34. Historical MSS. Commission, Seventh Report …, Part I (London, 1879), p. 189;Google Scholar Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVI (London, 1933), 42; Chamberlain, Letters. I. 190. However, perhaps the date “Martij 21 1603” should be read as 1604.Google Scholar

^35. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 45 Eliz., pars 6.

^36. S.P. Dom. James I, 7/29.

^37. See Sprott, S.E., “The Damned Crew”, Publications of the Modem Language Association, LXXXIV (1969), 492–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^38. Willet, A., An Antilogie (London, 1603), p. 14 Google Scholar, in reply to Broughton, R.. An Apologicall Epistle (Antwerp, 1601), p. 6.Google Scholar

^39. S.P. Dom. Eliz. 278/31, 38, 40, 41; Folger Shakespeare Library, MS. V.b.187. fol. 5r.

^40. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVIII (London, 1940), 196–197.Google Scholar

^41. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII (London, 1938), 522–523;Google Scholar cf. B.M. Add. MS. 6,178. fol. 62. Another meeting about 9 October was attended by Catesby, Tresham. Ben Jonson, and others, including an unidentified person who has lately been plausibly conjectured to have been Sir, John Roe (DeLuna, B. N., Jonson's Romish Plot (Oxford, 1967), pp. 117–120), although he might just possibly have been Baynham.Google Scholar

^42. According to Thomas Wintour's confession, B.M. Add. MS. 6,178, fol. 77v. Simons, E. N. is perhaps too positive: “Baynham was certainly not told the details” (The Devil of the Vault (London, 1963), p. 105).Google Scholar

^43. Caraman, P., Henry Garnet (London, 1964), p. 380 Google Scholar, n. 1; Gerard, J., The Condition of Catholics under James I (London, 1871), pp. 250, 252.Google Scholar

^44. Gerard, Condition, pp. 76-77, 252.

^45. “Two Declarations of Garnet … “, ed. by Gardiner, S. R. in The English Historical Review, III (1888), 510–519;CrossRefGoogle Scholar A Trve … Relation of the Whole Proceedings against the Late … Traitors … (London, 1606), sig. S2r.Google Scholar

^46. E.H.R., III, 513; Gerard, Condition, p. 252.Google Scholar

^47. P.R.O. Gunpowder Plot Book, nos. 163, 170; Gerard, Condition, pp. 236, 253; A Trve … Relation, sig. X3r. Cf. Fawkes on Baynham's mission to report “after ye powder action p'formed” in the version in B. M. Harleian MS. 360, fol. 4. The Venetian Ambassador in England suspected Baynham “was sent to beg his Holiness to incite the Catholics to assist and support the good effects” of the plot (Cal. S.P. Venetian, X, 337).

^48. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 3 James I, paries 31, 38.

^49. In Stowe's, J. Annates (London, 1615), p. 876, he is said to have “departed from England but in August”.Google Scholar

^50. P.R.O. Gunpowder Plot Book, no. 197; S.P. Dom. James I, 18/111; Gerard, Condition, p. 252; E.H.R., III, 513.

^51. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII, 499.

^52. P.R.O. Gunpowder Plot Book, no. 170.

^53. Herring, F., Mischeefes Mysterie, trans, by Vicars, J. (London, 1617), p. 23.Google Scholar Baynham is judged “worthy of a rope” in J[ervaise?] M[arkham?]'s contemporary but derivative MS. poem The Newe Metamorphosis, B.M. Add. MS. 14,826, fol. 200v (the “Damned crue” is on fol. 116r); see Lyon, J. H. H., A Study … (New York, 1919), pp. 197, 184.Google Scholar Baynham may be referred to in another poem Pyramis, written in 1608 by William, Gager, ed. by Brooke, C. F. T. (New Haven, 1936), 11. 422–423.Google Scholar

^54. B.M. Add. MS. 6,178, fol. 77r; Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII, 454; XVIII, 61; A Trve … Relation, sig. X2r.

^55. A Trve … Relation, sig. X2r; E.H.R., III, 513;Google Scholar Gerard, Condition, pp. 76-77. After his conference with Baynham and a little before 25 July, Garnet learned from Father Tesimond in confession that Catesby had a plot in hand (Cara-man, Garnet, p. 322). At his trial on 28 March 1606 Garnet was to say that “at the going over of Sir Edmond Baynham I did not know of that treason myself, and therefore could not think that Sir Edmond went to acquaint him [the Pope] with it” (Gerard, Condition, p. 252). Together, these facts should mean that Garnet thought that Baynham had left not later than a little before 25 July, and in his declaration of 9 March 1606 (E.H.R., III, 513) he may perhaps have intended to say that when he went to St. Winifred's Well after 25 July he was no longer in a position to know what “they [the others] did with him [Baynham]”, or whether Baynham was still in England or not.

^56. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII, 557; XVIII, 32, 61; B.M. Add. MS. 6,178, fol. 138r.

^57. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVIII, 61; B.M. Add. MS. 6,178, fol. 138r-v. A young Catholic student, Robert Sherwood, came to St. Omer “in famulatio Domini Edmundi Beynhami” about 1606 (Registers of the English College at Valla-dolid 1589-1862, ed by Henson, E. (London, 1930), p. 103).Google Scholar

^58. Chamberlain, Letters, I, 213; Stowe, Annates (1615), p. 876: Baynham “neuer returned”; A Trve … Relation, sigs. V2r, D1r; Speed, J., The Historic of Great Britaine (London, 1632), p. 1129;Google Scholar Hawarde, Les Reportes del Cases in Camera Stellata, p. 256 (cf. Chamberlain, Letters, I, 221)Google Scholar; Actio in Henricvm Garnetvm (London, 1607), pp. 11,Google Scholar 38, 93; P.R.O. Baga de secretis, pouch LIX, membrane 17.

^59. His Maiesties Speach (London, 1605), sig. L3r; A Trve … Relation, sigs. 14v, Dir.Google Scholar

^60. R.P. Adreae Evdaemon-loannis Cydonii … Apologia pro R.P. Henrico Garneto (Cologne, 1610), p. 252;Google Scholar “Edmundus Baynhamus spectatae fidei acreligionis vir, idemque & Anglicarum rerum peritus, & manu atque consilio imprimis acer”; Abbot, R., Antilogia adversvs apologiam (London, 1613),Google Scholar fol. 142r: “quern rideo tibi esse spectatae fidei ac religionis virum, qui sibi fuit e damnata classe popularis, homo luxu & vitae dissolutione prorsus infamis”. Cf. the MS. account of the Plot in B.M. Harleian MS. 360, fol. 113: “strangely besett for a messenger in a cawse they accompted so waightie, when they would choose no man for this purpose, but the Captaine of the damned Crewe”.

^61. Winwood, R., Memorials of Affairs of State, 3 vols. (London, 1725), II, 285–286.Google Scholar

^62. Historical MSS. Commission, Report on the Manuscripts of the Marquess of Downshire ...[.] Volume Two [.] Papers of William Trumbull (London, 1936), pp. 454, 452.Google Scholar

^63. Winwood, Memorials, II, 388.

^64. Papers of … Trumbull, pp. 59, 60.

^65. S.P. Dom. James I, 43/93.

^66. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII, 499; XVIII, 31-32, 63-64.Google Scholar

^67. Cal. MSS. Salisbury, XVII, 546;Google Scholar Papers of … Trumbull, p. 76; Chamberlain, Letters, I, 269; Winwood, Memorials, II, 441. Thomas Overbury had been interested in Baynham in May 1608 (Papers of … Trumbull, p. 103).

^68. Winwood, Memorials, II, 437-438, 441; Papers of … Trumbull, p. 77.

^69. Winwood, Memorials, II, 468.

^70. Winwood, Memorials, III, 177.

^71. P.R.O. Close Rolls, 5 James I, pars 40.

^72. The English Collège at Madrid 1611-1767, ed. by Henson, E. (London, 1929). p. 154;Google Scholar Pilgrim Book in the English College at Rome, fol. 129 (this entry is not in the printed version, and a leaf relating to November 1605 may have been removed from the original in the College).