¹ Canterbury Cathedral Archives. Z. 3. 5. ff.

² British Museum, Harleian MS. 594, ff. 63–84.

³ William, Somner, The Antiquities of Canterbury (1640), pp. 333–4.Google Scholar

⁴ These peculiars provide the greatest lacunae in our records.

⁵ Gee extends the limit by two years but his list of Elizabethan deprivations in the Canterbury Diocese depends purely on the names listed as deprived in the register.

⁶ These are: Canterbury Deanery: St Dunstan's, St George's, Holy Cross, All Saints’, St Mary Bredman, St Andrew's, St Mary Magdalen's, St Paul's, St Peter's, St Mary Northgate, St Mildred's, St Mary Bredin, St Alphege's, St Martin's, Thanington, Sturry, Hackington, Harbledown, Blean, Milton, Fordwich, Lower Hardres, Hackington (twenty-three parishes).

Elham Deanery: Denton, Acrise, Lyminge with Standford and Paddlesworth (Rectory and Vicarage), Postling, Elham, Horton, Stowting, Brabourne, Wootton, Hastingleigh, Woodchurch, Elmsted, Saltwood with Hythe, Bircholte (fourteen parishes, fifteen benefices).

Sittingbourne Deanery: Sittingbourne, Newington, Bredgar, Borden, Bapchild, Milton, Rainham, Hartlip, Tonge, Marston, Halstone, Stockbury, Eastchurch, Milstead, Iwade, Wichling, Rodmersham, Tunstall, Elmley, Leysdown, Queenborough and Minster, Kingsdown, Upchurch, Bobbing, Bicknor (twenty-five parishes).

Bridge Deanery: Patrixbourne and Bridge, Petham, Godmersham and Challock, Chilham, Chartham, Molash, Bishopsbourne and Barham, Kingston, Brook, Bekesbourne, Little-bourne, Ickham, Wickhambreux, Stodmarsh, Adisham and Staple, Wingham, Preston, Stourraouth, Chillenden, Elmstone, Wye, Boughton Aluph, Crundale, Waltham, Upper Hardres, Nonnington (twenty-six parishes).

Charing Deanery: Ashford, Hothfield, Kennington, Eastwell, Westwell, Charing, Great Chart, Little Chart, Pluckley, Boughton Malherbe, Headcorn, Frittenden, Biddenden, Cranbrook, Smarden, High Halden, Tenterden, Rolvenden, Benenden, Hawkhurst, Sandhurst, Newenden, Bethersden.

Lympne Deanery: Lympne, Appledore, Ruckinge, Warehorne, Sellinge, Shadoxhurst, Sevington, Hinxhill, Kingsnorth, Mersham, Dymchurch, Brookland, Bilsington, Brensett, Snargate, Bonnington, Stone, Snave, St Mary's-in-the-Marsh, Ebony, Orleston, Old Romney, New Romney, Midley, Newchurch, Willesborough, Hope, Burmarsh, Kermardington, Ivychurch, Aldington, Wittersham, Lydd, West Hythe.

Ospringe Deanery: Ospringe, Faversham, Preston, Lynsted, Teynham, Selling, Throwley, Eastling, Stalisfield, Newenham, Doddington, Buckland, Norton, Luddenham, Oare, Hartley, Graveney, Orleston, Davington, Goodnestone, Leaveland, Baddlesmere, Boughton-under-Blean, Hernehill.

Sandwich Deanery: Woodnesborough, St Mary's, St Peter's, St Clement's, Knowlton, Ham, Betteshanger, Sholden, Deal, Great Mongeham, Northbourne, Ripple, Walmer, Eastry, Ringwould, East Langdon, Sutton, Tilmanstone, Barfreston, Eythorpe, Waldershare, Coldred, Shepherdswell, Stonar.

Sutton Deanery: Thornham-with-Aldington, Goudhurst, Lenham, Sutton Valence, Staplehurst, Ulcombe, Wormshill, Bearsted, Boxley, Otham, Harrietsham, Linton, Boughtham Monchelsea, Frinstead, Langley, Chart-next-Sutton, Marden, Hollingbourne, Leeds.

Westbere Deanery: Westbere, Chislet, Seasalter, Whitstable, SwaleclifFe, Heme, Reculver, St Nicholas-at-Wade, St Lawrence's, Minster, St Peter's, St John's, Monkton.

Dover Deanery: St Margaret-at-Cliffe, Charlton, Buckland, Hougham, Temple Ewell, River, Folkestone, Cheriton, Newington, Hawkinge, Swingfield, Alkham, Capel-le-Ferne, Lydden.

⁷ In this article I am necessarily looking at parish incumbents only, not chaplains or chantry priests. Field has covered the southern counties but many of the clergy are still unaccounted for.

⁸ Frere, p. 86.

⁹ I am concerned only with statistics as nearly accurate as possible in the See of Canterbury. The various national calculations can be read in the printed accounts: Camden's Annates Rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Regnante EUzabetha (Leyden, 1625);Google Scholar Dodd's Church History of England, ed. by M. A. Tierney (1830); and Gee. H. N. Birt, The Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1907), more than doubles the number of clergy who did not accept the Elizabethan Settlement up to 1565. J. H. Pollen, S.J., The English Catholics in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth (1920), speaking ‘with intentional vagueness’, assumes Bin's figures and arrives at 6, 000 clerics out of the estimated 8, 000 in England who accepted ‘the changes with the outward man at least’ (p. 40). A summary of the varying estimates is given by L. E. Whatmore in his introduction to Field, pp. iv-v. Gee lists the deprivations in App. I, pp. 252–66. It is curious, however, that whilst he emphasises his claim that ‘the asserting of any extensive resignation for conscience sake must be finally abandoned’, he uses as part of his evidence a return in the State Papers Domestic attributed to 1564 showing that, out of 427 vacant benefices in England, 140 were per exilitatem —which, although outside our period, is apparently a challenge to his own conclusion.

¹⁰ Field, p. 336.

¹¹ Frere, p. 60.

¹² The figures I have given are compiled from the records which specifically indicate that a cleric was married or ‘formerly married’. In many of the 240 parishes married incumbents disappeared without their marriages being noted. Hughes, pp. 53–54, fn. 2, relying on Dixon, History of the Church of England (Oxford, 1902), IV, pp. 144–60, gives 380 parishes, out ofwhich seventy-three lost their incumbents by deprivation for marriage. This is approximatelythe same ratio as our forty-three to 240.

¹³ These were John Joseph, Edmund Cranmer, Peter Alexander, William Devenish, Robert Goldstone, Thomas Willoughby and possibly Bernard Ochin. Richard Parkhurst (died 1558), Arthur St Leger, Richard Champion (died 1558), Hugh Glasier and John Wareham adjusted to the Marian Settlement, The numbers were reversed in 1559: five prebendaries (four intruders and Hugh Glasier) were deprived and seven adjusted.

¹⁴ The records of the Protestant refugees in the Stadtarchiv, Frankfurt-am-Main, although greatly depleted by the war, have been preserved in Jung. In English, Garrett covers much of the ground.

¹⁵ ‘Cardinal Pole's Book, 24 February 1556–57’, Archaeologia Cantiana, 2 (1859), p. 49 Google Scholar et seq.

¹⁶ Strype, Memorials, 3, pp. 433 et seq. If Strype is referring to the Dean and seven canons, heexaggerates, since one of them at least recanted.

¹⁷ He was appointed as Chaplain to the Queen at her accession and, in 1570, Precentor of Chichester Cathedral. He was Dean of Rochester from 1574 until his death in 1585.

¹⁸ Chapter Archives, Canterbury, ‘Register of St George's, Canterbury’, (herein after cited as CAC): ‘Marriage: Mag. William Devenish, clerke, and Juliana Kirbe, maiden, marr. 22 July 1552’.

¹⁹ Vide infra.

²⁰ That is, in Table 1, sections a, b, c, d, e, f, and j.

²¹ This improbable Christian name caused confusion even among contemporaries but itappears to be more correct than the ‘Arthur’ that sometimes appears.

²² Field, pp. 69, 192.

²³ Frere, p. 153.

²⁴ Whatmore, p. 292.26 Jung, p. 34.

²⁵ Garrett, in the ‘census’, pp. 67–349.

⁸⁷ Stadtarchiv, Frankfurt-am-Main, Burgerbuch, Tom 6 (1540–85), f. 104v, Jacobus Pers Cantuariens’ ex Anglia; Jung, pp. 24. 57–58. Apparently in 1557 he was living at Thomas Crawley's house with his wife and three daughters and his son. The following year, Jung suggests, he was looking for a house in Frankfurt.

²⁸ She was living in Patrixbourne: Whatmore, p. 301.

²⁹ Hughes, p. 17.

³⁰ Strype, Annals, 1, p. 82. The story of the Bill brought into Parliament in May that ‘the Queen by Commission might examine the causes of deprivation of spiritual persons, and restore them again’, is touched on by Strype but remains a mystery. It is a fact, however, that a second Bill was concluded in May and by the 1559 Summer Visitation the deprived clergy had been restored.

³¹ Ibid., p. 118. Meyer, A. O., England and the Catholic Church under Queen Elizabeth (1916),Google Scholar quoting the Spanish Calendar, p. 18, observes that ‘married chaplains were allowed to officiate’ (my italics).

³² Strype, loc. cit.

³³ CAC, Z. 3. 7., f. 160.

³⁴ Peter, de Sandwich, ‘Some East Kent Parish History’, Home Counties Magazine, 9, part 29, pp. 205–06.Google Scholar

³⁵ Wood, Atheniae Oxonienses, 2nd edn, (1813–20), 1, p. 277.Google Scholar

³⁶ The other two were, Henry Wood—who got a pension of £1617s. Ad. —and John Thompson, the last Master of this establishment. Thompson, who got the enormous pension of £53. 6s. 8d., became Clerk of the King's Works at the reconstruction of Dover harbour in 1538. The story of how Thompson was first criticised for ‘coufytesnes’ and then for being inexperienced (‘Even as a blindman casts his staff… thinking he hath done well, and is clean deceived…’), is told in the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII. In 1537, he was complaining of being poisoned, and Christopher Hales, of Canterbury, either assuming or pretending he was dead, was putting forward his own candidate for the Mastership of the Maison Dieu. Thompson died, in fact, in 1544, although his unusually large pension is listed in Cardinal Pole's Book in 1557.

³⁷ Edward, Hasted, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent, 2nd edn, (1799), 4, p. 280.Google Scholar

³⁸ Giraud, F. F., ‘On the Parish Clerks and Sextons of Faversham, 1506–1953’, Archaeologia Cantiana 20 (1893), p. 206.Google Scholar

³⁹ Gasquet, Parish Life in Mediaeval England, 4th edn, The Antiquary's Books, pp. 112–18.

⁴⁰ Whatmore, pp. 293 et seq.

⁴¹ Peter de Sandwich (n. 34), 6, part 11, p. 316.

⁴² Ibid., 8, part 19, p. 90.

⁴³ Field, pp. 41, 69.

⁴⁴ Christopher, Buckingham, Catholic Dover (1968), p. 24.Google Scholar Wendon is last entered in the Visita-tion Records as Vicar of Minster-in-Thanet in October 1561; his successor, John Butler, wasadmitted on 20 October.

⁴⁵ Pollen (p. 39) suggests that Fr Persons (Memorials of the Reformation in England [1596], pp. 20–24) had good reason to declare that the Marian Settlement was rushed and inefficient. Perhaps it was something of this sort which the Visitors had in mind in their report after the Easter 1560–61 Visitation: ‘On the whole, a tolerable state of Conformity was discovered in the Province of Canterbury’: Gee, p. 249.

⁴⁶ Strype, Annals of the Reformation (1824) 1, p. 60.

⁴⁷ A.P.C. 7, pp. 248–9 (27 February, 6 March 1558–59).

⁴⁸ Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, 18, pp. 546, 291–378.

⁴⁹ CAC Z. 3.7., f. 160: ‘Articles of Inquiry ministered in the Visitation…. October 1562 overand beside the Queen's Majesty's Articles.’

⁵⁰ Field, p. 36.

⁵¹ A.P.C. 8, p. 260 (19 August 1574).

⁵² Field, p. 37.

⁵³ Field, p. 295.