Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:17:06.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Roman Bath-house at Duntocher on the Antonine Wall

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

Lawrence Keppie
Lawrence Keppie
Affiliation:
Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

At the beginning of July 1775 a Roman bath-house was accidentally discovered on the northwestern slope of Golden Hill, Duntocher (FIGS 1–2), and its remains investigated. Site-drawings were made and some finds sent for identification to the Society of Antiquaries of London. Though, an account of the work was published by Richard Gough in his 1789 edition of Camden's Britannia, the excavation has been largely forgotten. The present assessment draws upon Gough's and other contemporary accounts, and upon unpublished material, especially the voluminous correspondence between Richard Gough and the Edinburgh bibliophile George Paton, now held by the National Library of Scotland, the Minute Books of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and the Gough Papers preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Also presented here will be an account of the chance rediscovery of the bath-house in 1978, and a geophysical survey undertaken, at the author's request, by the Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, in 2001.

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 35 , November 2004 , pp. 179 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © Lawrence Keppie 2007. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, H.F., Bradburn, E., and Boon, G.C. 1965: ‘Coal from the legionary fortress of Caerleon, Monmouthshire’, Geol. Magazine 102, 469–73Google Scholar
Anderson, J. 1771: Of the Roman Wall between the Forth & Clyde; and of some Discoveries which have lately-been made upon it (Andersonian Library, University of Strathclyde: Anderson MS 22A, fols 1–52)Google Scholar
Anderson, J. 1773: Supplementary pages to Anderson 1771 (Andersonian Library, University of Strathclyde: Anderson MS 22A, fols 93–119)Google Scholar
Badham, S.F. 1987: ‘Richard Gough and the flowering of Romantic antiquarianism’, Church Monuments 2, 32–43Google Scholar
Bailey, G.B. 1991: ‘A Roman fort on the Wall at Falkirk’, Calatria [Journal of the Falkirk Local History Society’ 1, 5–17Google Scholar
Bailey, G.B. 1994: ‘The provision of fort-annexes on the Antonine Wall’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 124, 299–314Google Scholar
Bailey, G.B. 1996: ‘Stream crossings on the Antonine Wall’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 126, 347–69Google Scholar
Bailey, G.B., and Gray, B. forthcoming: ‘Roman box-flue tile production at Mumrills’, Calatria [Journal of the Falkirk Local History Society]Google Scholar
Barclay, Rev. M. 1845: ‘Parish of Old Kilpatrick’, in The New Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. 8, Edinburgh, 15–35Google Scholar
Bidwell, R.T. 1997: Roman Forts in Britain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Birley, A.R. 1981: The Fasti of Roman Britain, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Birley, E. 1961: Research on Hadrian's Wall, KendalGoogle Scholar
Bishop, M.C. (ed.) 2002: Roman Inveresk, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Black, E.W. 1995: Cursus Publicus: the Infrastructure of Government in Roman Britain, BAR 241, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Brabrook, E.W. 1910: ‘On the Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries who have held the Office of Director’, Archaeologia 62, 59–80Google Scholar
Breeze, D.J. 1984: ‘The Roman fort on the Antonine Wall at Bearsden’, in Breeze, D.J. (ed.), Studies in Scottish Antiquity Presented to Stewart Cruden, Edinburgh, 32–68Google Scholar
Breeze, D.J., and Dobson, B. 2000: Hadrian's Wall (4th edn), HarmondsworthGoogle Scholar
Brodribb, G. 1987: Roman Brick and Tile, GloucesterGoogle Scholar
Brogan, J., and Henderson, A.A.R. 1978: ‘Duntocher, Roman bathhouse’, Discovery and Excavation in Scotland 1978, Edinburgh, 26Google Scholar
Bruce, John 1893: History of the Parish of Old or West Kilpatrick, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Butt, J. 1996: John Anderson's Legacy: The University of Strathclyde and its Antecedents, East LintonGoogle Scholar
Callender, R.M., and Macaulay, J. 1984: The Ancient Metal Mines of the Isle oflslay, Argyll = British Mining 24, SheffieldGoogle Scholar
Cardonnel, A. de 1822: ‘Description of certain Roman ruins discovered at Inveresk’, Archaeologia Scotica 2, 159–67Google Scholar
Chapman, R., 1812: The Picture of Glasgow, or Strangers' Guide, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Chapman, R. 1818: The Picture of Glasgow, and Strangers' Guide, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Christison, D.et al. 1903: ‘Excavation of Castlecary fort on the Antonine Vallum’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 37 (1902–03), 271–346Google Scholar
Clarke, J. 1933: The Roman Fort at Cadder, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Colvin, H. 1995: A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, New Haven/LondonGoogle Scholar
Cooper, T. 1890: ‘Richard Gough’, Dictionary of National Biography 22, 279–82Google Scholar
Daniels, C.M. 1959: ‘The Roman bathhouse at Red House, Beaufront, Corbridge’, Archaeol. Aeliana4 37, 85–176Google Scholar
Daniels, C.M. 1978: The Handbook to the Roman Wall, by J. Collingwood Bruce (13th edn), NewcastleGoogle Scholar
Davidson, Rev. John 1793: ‘Old Kilpatrick’, in SirSinclair, J. (ed.), The Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. 5, Edinburgh, 229–40Google Scholar
Dearne, M.J., and Branigan, K. 1995: ‘The use of coal in Roman Britain’, Antiq. Journ. 75, 71–105Google Scholar
Dickson, C., and Dickson, J.H. 2000: Plants and People in Ancient Scotland, StroudGoogle Scholar
Doig, R.P. 1956: George Paton: A Study of his Life and Correspondence, unpub. Ph.D. thesis, St AndrewsGoogle Scholar
Doig, R.P. 1957: ‘George Paton book collector’, Private Libraries Association Quarterly 1.4, 48–51Google Scholar
Dunwell, A., and Ralston, I. 1995: ‘Excavations at Inveravon on the Antonine Wall, 1991’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 125, 521–76Google Scholar
Evans, J. 1956: A History of the Society of Antiquaries, LondonGoogle Scholar
Farington, J. 1788–1792: Notebooks and Pencil Drawings of a Tour in Scotland (Edinburgh Central Library)Google Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1972: Verulamium Excavations, vol. I, Report Research Committee Society of Antiquaries London 28, LondonGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S. 1999: Britannia: a History of Roman Britain (Folio Society edn), LondonGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S., and Wilkes, J.J. 1989: Strageath: Excavations within the Roman Fort 1973–86, Britannia monograph 9, LondonGoogle Scholar
Garlick, K., and Macintyre, A. (eds) 1978: The Diary of Joseph Farington, vol. 1, New Haven/LondonGoogle Scholar
Gillam, J.P., Jobey, I.M., and Welsby, D.A. 1993: The Roman Bath-house at Bewcastle, Cumbria, Cumb. & West. Antiq. and Archaeol. Society Research Ser. 7, KendalGoogle Scholar
Goodburn, R. 1979: ‘Roman Britain in 1978. Part 1. Sites explored’, Britannia 10, 268–338Google Scholar
Gordon, A. 1726: Itinerarium Septentrionale, LondonGoogle Scholar
Gough, R. 1773: ‘Observations on some Roman altars found in August 1771, near Graham's Dyke’, Archaeologia 3, 118–24Google Scholar
Gough, R. 1780: British Topography (2nd edn), LondonGoogle Scholar
Gough, R. 1786: Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain, vol. 1, LondonGoogle Scholar
Gough, R. 1789: Britannia, by Camden, William (rev. edn), vol. 3, LondonGoogle Scholar
Gough, R. 1806: Britannia, by Camden, William (rev. edn), vol. 4, LondonGoogle Scholar
Hanson, W.S., and Maxwell, G.S. 1983: Rome's North West Frontier: the Antonine Wall, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Hanson, W.S., and Yeoman, P. 1988: Elginhaugh, a Roman Fort and its Environs, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Haughton, E. 1861: On the Remains of Ancient Roman Baths in England, London/LiverpoolGoogle Scholar
Henderson, T.F. 1895: ‘George Paton’, in Dictionary of National Biography 44, 34–5Google Scholar
Holmes, N. (ed. by Collard, M. and Lawson, J.) 2003: Excavation of Roman Sites at Cramond, Edinburgh, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Hood, J. 1984: More Duntocher andHardgate in Pictures, ClydebankGoogle Scholar
Hood, J. 1986: History of Duntocher Trinity Parish Church 1836–1986, ClydebankGoogle Scholar
Hood, J. 1988: The History of Clydebank, CarnforthGoogle Scholar
Horsley, J. 1732: Britannia Romana, LondonGoogle Scholar
Johns, C., and Henig, M. 1991: ‘A statuette of a herm of Priapus from Pakenham, Suffolk’, Antiq. Journ. 71, 236–9Google Scholar
Johnson, A. 1983: Roman Forts of the 1st and 2nd Centuries AD in Britain and the German Provinces, LondonGoogle Scholar
Jones, N. 1787: Jones' Directory, or Useful Pocket Companion for the Year 1787, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Jones, N. 1789: Jones' Directory, or Useful Pocket Companion for the Year 1789, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Jupp, C.N. 1994: The History of Islay: from Earliest Times to 1848, IslayGoogle Scholar
Kay, J. 1837: A Series of Original Portraits and Caricature Etchings, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. 1981: ‘Excavation of a Roman bathhouse at Bothwellhaugh, Lanarkshire, 1975–76’, Glasgow Archaeol. J. 8, 46–94Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. 1986: ‘Excavations at the Roman fort on Bar Hill, 1978–82’, Glasgow Archaeol. J. 12, 49–81Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. 1995: ‘Excavations at the Roman fort of Westerwood on the Antonine Wall’, Glasgow Archaeol. J. 19 (1994–95), 83–99Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. 1998: Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, Britannia Monograph 13, LondonGoogle Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. 2002: ‘New light on excavations at Bar Hill Roman fort on the Antonine Wall, 1902–05’, Scot. Archaeol. J. 24.1, 21–48Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F. forthcoming: ‘A walk along the Antonine Wall in 1825: the travel journal of the Rev. John Skinner’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot.Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F., and Arnold, B.J. 1984: Corpus Signorum Imperii Romani, Great Britain, vol. 1, fase. 4, Scotland, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F., and Breeze, D.J. 1981: ‘Some excavations on the line of the Antonine Wall, 1957–80’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 111, 229–47Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F., and Murray, J.F. 1981: ‘A Roman hypocausted building at Falkirk’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 111, 248–62Google Scholar
Keppie, L.J.F., Bailey, G.B., Dunwell, A.J., McBrien, J.H., and Speller, K. 1995: ‘Some excavations on the line of the Antonine Wall 1985–93’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 125, 601–72Google Scholar
Knox, J. 1785: A View of the British Empire, more especially Scotland (3rd edn), LondonGoogle Scholar
Laskey, J. 1813: A General Account of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1911: The Roman Wall in Scotland, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1915: ‘Some recent discoveries on the line of the Antonine Wall’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 49, 93–118Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1917: ‘General William Roy and his “Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain”’, Archaeologia 68 (1916–17), 161–228Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1918: ‘Roman coins found in Scotland’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 52 (1917–18), 203–75Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1931: ‘The bath-house at the fort of Chesters (Cilurnum)’, Archaeol. Aeliana4 8, 219–304Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1932: ‘Notes on the Roman forts at Old Kilpatrick and Croy Hill, and on a relief of Jupiter Dolichenus’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 66 (1931–32), 219–76Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1933: ‘Notes on the Roman forts at Rough Castle and Westerwood, with a postscript’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 67 (1932–33), 243–96Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1934: The Roman Wall in Scotland (2nd edn), OxfordGoogle Scholar
Macdonald, G. 1937: ‘Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica 1’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 71, 373–87Google Scholar
Macdonald, G., and Curie, A.O. 1929: ‘The Roman fort at Mumrills, near Falkirk’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 63 (1928–29), 396–575Google Scholar
Macdonald, H. 1854: Rambles around Glasgow: Descriptive, Historical and Traditional, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
McWhirr, A., and Viner, D. 1978: ‘The production and distribution of tiles in Roman Britain with particular reference to the Cirencester region’, Britannia 9, 359–77Google Scholar
Maitland, W. 1757: The History and Antiquities of Scotland, vol. 1, LondonGoogle Scholar
Miller, S.N. 1922: The Roman Fort at Baimuildy, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Miller, S.N. 1928: The Roman Fort at Old Kilpatrick, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Moir, D.M. 1860: The Roman Antiquities of Invereste, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Nash-Williams, V.E. 1969: The Roman Frontier in Wales (rev. by Jarrett, M.G.), CardiffGoogle Scholar
Newall, F. 1998: ‘The Roman fort on Whitemoss Farm, Bishopton, Renfrewshire. Part 2’, Scottish Naturalist 110, 13–43Google Scholar
Nielsen, I. 1990: Thermae et Balnea: the Architecture and Cultural History of Roman Public Baths, AarhusGoogle Scholar
Nimmo, W. 1777: A General History of Stirlingshire, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
O., see Oswald 1936–1937Google Scholar
Oswald, F. 1936–1937: Index of Figure Types on Terra Sigillata, ‘Samian Ware’, Supplement to Annals of Arch. & Anth., LiverpoolGoogle Scholar
Peacock, D.P.S., and Williams, D.F. 1986: Amphorae and the Roman Economy, LondonGoogle Scholar
Pennant, T. 1774: A Tour in Scotland and Voyage to the Hebrides MDCCLXXII, ChesterGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, L. 1890: The Stent Book and Acts of the Balliary of Islay 1718–1843, IslayGoogle Scholar
RCAHMS 1929: Inventory of Monuments and Constructions in the Counties of Midlothian and West Lothian, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 1942: ‘A Roman oven at Mumrills, Falkirk’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 76 (1941–42), 119–27Google Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 1957: An Antonine Fort, Golden Hill, Duntocher, Edinburgh/LondonGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 1964: ‘Miscellanea Romano-Caledonica’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 97 (1963–64), 180–201Google Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 1974: ‘River crossings on the Antonine Wall’, in Birley, E., Dobson, B. and Jarrett, M. (eds), Roman Frontier Studies 1969, Cardiff, 94–101Google Scholar
Robertson, A.S. 2001: The Antonine Wall (5th edn, revised by Keppie, L.J.F.), GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Rogers, G. 1974: Poteries sigillées de la Gaule Centrale, I: les motifs non figurés, Gallia Suppl. 28, ParisGoogle Scholar
Rogers, G. 1999: Poteries sigillées de la Gaule Centrale. II. Les potiers, 2 vols, LezouxGoogle Scholar
Rook, T. 1992: Roman Baths in Britain, Princes RisboroughGoogle Scholar
Roy, W. 1793: The Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain, LondonGoogle Scholar
Ruddick, W., and Turner, M.G. 1977: Joseph Farington: Water Colours and Drawings, BoltonGoogle Scholar
Scott, H. (ed.) 1920: Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae, vol. 3, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Sibbald, R. 1707: Historical Inquiries, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Smellie, W. 1782: Account of the Institution and Progress of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Edinburgh and LondonGoogle Scholar
Smith, A.H.V. 1997: ‘Provenance of coals from Roman sites in England and Wales’, Britannia 28, 297–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, G.G. 1895: ‘Observations on the Island of Islay and mine-works there, collected from the correspondence of Mr Charles Freebairn and others, October 1770’, in The Book oflslay, Islay, 426–67Google Scholar
Stanfield, J.A., and Simpson, G. 1958: Central Gaulish Potters, Oxford (revised as Les potiers de la Gaule Centrale, Revue Archéologiques Sites, Hors-série no. 37, Gonfaron, 1990)Google Scholar
Steer, K.A. 1961: ‘Excavations at Mumrills Roman fort, 1958–60’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 94 (1960–61), 86–132Google Scholar
Storrie, M. 1997: Islay: Biography of an Island, IslayGoogle Scholar
Stronach, G. 1892: ‘John Knox’, in Dictionary of National Biography 31, 329–30Google Scholar
Stuart, R. 1845: Caledonia Romana, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Stuart, R. 1852: Caledonia Romana (2nd edn, rev. by Thomson, J.), Edinburgh/LondonGoogle Scholar
Swan, V.G. 1999: ‘The Twentieth Legion and the history of the Antonine Wall reconsidered’, Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. 129, 399–480Google Scholar
Thomson, G. 1956: ‘The Dalnotter ironworks’, Scot. Hist. Rev. 35, 10–20Google Scholar
Timperley, L.R. 1976: A Directory of Landowners hip in Scotland c. 1770, Scottish Record Soc. n.s. 5, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Tomiin, R.S.O., and Hassall, M.W.C. 2003: ‘Roman Britain in 2002. II. Inscriptions’, Britannia 34, 361–82Google Scholar
University of Glasgow 1792: Monumenta Romani Imperil, GlasgowGoogle Scholar
Ward, J. 1913: ‘The Roman fort of Gellygaer. Discoveries made in 1913’, Cardiff Nat. Soc. Trans. 46, 1–20Google Scholar
Webster, G. 1955: ‘A note on the use of coal in Roman Britain’, Antiq. Journ. 35, 199–216Google Scholar
Wedmore, F. 1885: ‘James Basire’, in Dictionary of National Biography 3, 358–60Google Scholar
Willetts, R.J. 2000: Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Society of Antiquaries of London, WoodbridgeGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. 1851: The Archaeology and Prehistoric Annals of Scotland, EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R.J.A. 1980: Roman Forts, LondonGoogle Scholar
Wollaston, R. 1864: A Short Description of the Thermae Romano-Britannicae, LondonGoogle Scholar