Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T09:01:45.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Roman Fort Environs in North-West Wales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2010

David Hopewell
Affiliation:
Gwynedd Archaeological [email protected]

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a series of geophysical surveys of Roman forts and their environs carried out by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust. An almost complete plan of the early wooden fort at Llanfor has been produced. Its densely-packed interior demonstrates heavy garrisoning, probably during very early Flavian campaigning. The small square auxiliary fort of Caer Llugwy has been shown to be a contraction of a larger rectangular fort. Surveys at Pennal, Caer Gai, and Canovium revealed a wide range of extramural development including vici in the form of ribbon development.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © David Hopewell 2005. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arnold, C.J., and Davies, J.L. 2000: Roman and Early medieval Wales, StroudGoogle Scholar
Bosanquet, R.C. 1921: ‘Cefn Caer — Roman fort’, in An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Wales and Monmouthshire, VI County of Merioneth, RCAHMW, 157–60Google Scholar
Brewer, R.J. 1978: ‘Pennal’, Archaeology in Wales 18, 51Google Scholar
Burnham, B.C. 2001: ‘Roman Britain in 2000. I Sites Explored. 1 Wales’, Britannia 32, 312–22Google Scholar
Burnham, B.C. 2001: ‘Roman Britain in 2000. I Sites Explored. England. 3 Hadrian's Wall’, Britannia 32, 322–50Google Scholar
Burnham, B.C. 2002: ‘Roman Britain in 2001. I Sites Explored. 1 Wales’, Britannia 33, 278–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cambrian Archaeological Association 1866: ‘Twentieth Annual Meeting — Machynlleth’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 12, 527–49Google Scholar
Casey, P.J. 1989: ‘Coin evidence and the end of Roman Wales’, Archaeological Journal 146, 320–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charlton, B., and Mitcheson, M. 1984: ‘The Roman cemetery at Petty knowes, Rochester, Northumberland’, Archaeologia Aeliana 5 12, 131Google Scholar
Clark, A. 1990: Seeing Beneath the Soil, Prospecting methods in Archaeology, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crew, P. and S. 1997: ‘Geophysical survey at Llanfor, Merioneth, 1997’, Archaeology in Wales 37, 1320Google Scholar
Davies, J.L. 1980: ‘Roman military deployment in Wales and the Marches from Claudius to the Antonines’, Roman Frontier Studies 1979, BAR Int. Series 71(i), Oxford, 255–77Google Scholar
Davies, J.L. 1991: ‘Military vici: recent research and its significance’, in Burnham, B.C. and Davies, J.L. (eds), Conquest, Co-existence and Change: Recent Work in Roman Wales, Trivium 25, Lampeter, 6574Google Scholar
Davies, J.L. 2004: ‘Soldier and civilian in Wales’, in Todd, M. (ed.), A Companion to Roman Britain, Oxford, 91113CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis Jones, J. 1969: ‘Bryn-y-Gefeiliau’, in Nash Williams 1969, 51–4Google Scholar
Evans, J. forthcoming: ‘Roman pottery from Cefn Caer and Caer Gai’Google Scholar
Fenton, R. 1917: Tours in Wales, 1804–1813 (ed. Fisher, J.), Archaeologia Cambrensis supplementary volumeGoogle Scholar
Frere, S.S., and St Joseph, J.K.S. 1983: Roman Britain from the Air, CambridgeGoogle Scholar
Gardner, W. 1925: ‘The Roman fort at Caerhun, Co. Carnarvon’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 80, Part II, 307–41Google Scholar
Gresham, C.A. 1969: ‘Pennal’, in Nash Williams 1969, 104–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, J.P. 1932: Caer Llugwy: Excavation of the Roman Fort between Capel Curig and Betws-y-Coed, ManchesterGoogle Scholar
Hogg, A.H.A. 1968: ‘Pen Llystyn: a Roman fort and other remains’, Archaeological Journal 125, 101–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopewell, D. 2003: Roman Fort Environs 2002/3, Gwynedd Archaeological Trust Report 497 (unpub.)Google Scholar
Hopewell, D. 2004: Roman Fort Environs Geophysical Survey at Caerau, Colwyn Castle and Brecon Gaer, Gwynedd Archaeological Trust Report 542 (unpub.)Google Scholar
Jarrett, M.G. 1969: ‘Caer Gai’, in Nash Williams 1969, 54–6Google Scholar
Johnson, A. 1983: Roman Forts of the 1st and 2nd centuries AD in Britain and the German Provinces, LondonGoogle Scholar
Lhuyd, E. c. 1694: ‘Parochialia … a summary of answers to Parochial Queries … issued by Edward Lhuyd’, Archaeologia Cambrensis supplementary volume (1910)Google Scholar
Lysons, S. 1807: ‘Excavations at Caerhun’, Archaeologia 16, 127–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, W. 2004: ‘The conquest of Wales’, in Todd, M. (ed.), A Companion to Roman Britain, Oxford, 6074CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nash-Williams, V.E. 1950a: The Early Christian monuments of Wales, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Nash-Williams, V.E. 1950b: ‘The Roman stations at Neath (Glam.) and Caergai (Mer.)’, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 13, 239–45Google Scholar
Nash Williams, V.E. 1969: The Roman Frontier in Wales (2nd edn, revised by Jarrett, M.G.), CardiffGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, P.K.B. 1938: Excavations on the Site of the Roman Fort of Kanovium at Caerhun, Caernarvonshire, CardiffGoogle Scholar
Rogers, G. 1977: ‘A group of wasters from Central Gaul’, in Dore, J. and Greene, K. (eds), Roman Pottery Studies in Britain and Beyond, BAR supplementary series 30, Oxford, 245–50Google Scholar
Sommer, C.S. 1984: The military vici of Roman Britain, BAR 129, OxfordGoogle Scholar
Simpson, G. 1962: ‘Caerleon and the Roman forts in Wales in the second century, Part 1’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 111, 103–66Google Scholar
St Joseph, J.K.S. 1977: ‘Air reconnaissance in Roman Britain, 1973–76’, JRS 67, 125–61Google Scholar
Thomas, D.R. 1885: ‘The Roman station of Caergai’, Archaeologia Cambrensis Vol. II VII, 196204Google Scholar
White, R.B. 1986: ‘The Roman fort at Caer Gai, Meirionnydd’, Archaeologia Cambrensis 135, 134–46Google Scholar