Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2011
Although Deva was primarily a military centre, the installation of a garrison was quickly followed by the growth of a neighbouring civilian community. Where such extramural settlements grew up beside auxiliary forts they were classed as vici and their occupants as vicani, while those which developed outside legionary fortresses were, from the time of Hadrian at least, known as canabae and their inhabitants as canabenses. This distinction could become blurred, however, as some canabae are known to have been divided into a number of constituent vici. The population of these settlements included purveyors of the modest luxuries and entertainments which appeal to soldierly tastes as well as a wide variety of other traders and craftsmen, some of the latter perhaps being under contract to the army while the remainder were attracted to the vicinity of military camps by the opportunities for financial gain which their garrisons afforded. In addition, there were the wives and families of serving soldiers (although, until the early third century, it was a condition of service for the ordinary soldier that he be single, this did not prevent large numbers from taking common-law wives), veterans and their families, and any servants or slaves employed in the households of such people. The only civilians allowed to reside within military installations were the families of the garrison commanders and, in the case of legionary fortresses, those of the other senior officers.
1 e.g. the ‘vicani Vindolandesses’ at Chesterholm, RIB 1700.
2 Literally ‘huts’ or ‘wine-booths', Thesaurus Linguae Latinae; Whatmough, J., The Dialects of Ancient Gaul (Cambridge, Mass., 1970), 556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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10 e.g. CIL iii 1093, 1100, 1214 (Apulum); CIL iii 4298 (Brigetio); CIL xiii 6733 (Mogontiacum).
11 Magistri – CIL iii 1008 (Apulum), iii 4298 (Brigetio), iii 6162 and 6166 (Troesmis); curatores – CIL xiii 7222 and ILS 2465 (Mogontiacum); aediles – CIL iii 6162 and 6166 (Troesmis); quaestores – CIL xiii 6775, 6776, 7222 (Mogontiacum).
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