Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T19:29:15.922Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Participation After Stroke: Do We Understand All the Components and Relationships As Categorised in the ICF?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2012

Melanie Hoyle ,
Louise Gustafsson ,
Pamela Meredith  and
Tamara Ownsworth
Melanie Hoyle*
Affiliation:
The University of Queensland, Australia
Louise Gustafsson
Affiliation:
The University of Queensland, Australia
Pamela Meredith
Affiliation:
The University of Queensland, Australia
Tamara Ownsworth
Affiliation:
School of Psychology and Griffith Institute for Health, Griffith University, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Melanie Hoyle, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Occupational Therapy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Although advances in stroke care have been shown to improve functional outcomes and survival, evidence suggests that stroke survivors continue to report restricted participation and dissatisfaction with life after returning home. There remains a need to identify ways to improve participation after stroke, considering the person within their context. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a valuable framework that can be useful for categorising key components associated with participation. The two parts of the ICF — (a) Functioning and Disability and (b) Contextual Factors — encourage consideration of the functions/body structures, activity and participation, and personal and environmental factors, respectively. Previous research has identified links between body functions, structures and activity, with increasing attention being given to the ways in which these link with participation. Although some of the components influencing participation poststroke are well defined, there is a need to further develop our understanding of how personal and environmental factors may affect participation. In this article, stroke literature is categorised using the ICF and a range of personal and environmental factors are investigated as potential contributors to levels of participation poststroke. This article concludes that research investigating contextual factors and their interactions with participation is warranted.

Keywords

strokeparticipationICFidentityself-conceptenvironment
Type
Articles
Information
Brain Impairment , Volume 13 , Issue 1: Transition to Community Living after Acquired Brain Injury , July 2012 , pp. 4 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adamson, J., Beswick, A., & Ebrahim, S. (2004). Is stroke the most common cause of disability? Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, 13 (4), 171–177.Google Scholar
Astrom, M. (1996). Generalized anxiety disorder in stroke patients: A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke, 27, 270–275.Google Scholar
Aziz, N.A., Leonardi-Bee, J., Phillips, M.F., Gladman, J., Legg, L.A., & Walker, M. (2008). Therapy-based rehabilitation services for patients living at home more than one year after stroke. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2008 (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005952.pub2Google Scholar
Badley, E.M. (2008). Enhancing the conceptual clarity of the activity and participation components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Social Science & Medicine, 66, 2335–2345.Google Scholar
Baum, C., Foster, E., & Wolf, T. (2009). Addressing performance and participation in occupational therapy: The importance of cognition. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72 (4), 143,152.Google Scholar
Bhogal, S.K., Teasell, R.W., Foley, N.C., & Speechley, M.R. (2003). Community reintegration after stroke. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 10 (2), 107–129.Google Scholar
Bornman, J. (2004). The World Health Organization's terminology and classification: Application to severe disability. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26 (3), 182–188.Google Scholar
Brock, K., Black, S.L., Cotton, S., Kennedy, G., Wilson, S., & Sutton, E. (2009). Goal achievement in the six months after inpatient rehabilitation for stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31 (11), 880–886.Google Scholar
Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption. Sociology of Health and Illness, 4 (2), 167–182.Google Scholar
Cantor, J.B., Ashman, T.A., Schwartz, M.E., Gordon, W.A., Hibbard, M.R., Brown, M., . . . Cheng, Z. (2005). The role of self-discrepancy theory in understanding post-traumatic brain injury affective disorders. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20 (6), 527–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardol, M., De Jong, B.A., & Ward, C.D. (2002). On autonomy and participation in rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24 (18), 970–974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carey, L.M. (1995). Somatosensory loss after stroke. Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 7, 51–91.Google Scholar
Carod-Artal, F.J., Gonzalez-Gutierrez, J.L., Herrero, J.A.E., Horan, T., & De Seijas, E.V. (2002). Functional recovery and instrumental activities of daily living: Follow-up 1-year after treatment in a stroke unit. Brain Injury, 16 (3), 207–216.Google Scholar
Clarke, P., & Black, S.E. (2005). Quality of life following stroke: Negotiating disability, identity, and resources. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 24 (4), 319–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conti-Becker, A. (2009). Between the ideal and the real: Reconsidering the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31 (25), 2125–2129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cott, C.A., Wiles, R., & Devitt, R. (2007). Continuity, transition and participation: Preparing clients for life in the community post-stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29 (20–21), 1566–1574.Google Scholar
Cruice, M., Worrall, L., Hickson, L., & Murison, R. (2003). Finding a focus for quality of life with aphasia: Social and emotional health, and psychological wellbeing. Aphasiology, 17 (4), 333–353.Google Scholar
Dafer, R.M., Rao, M., Shareef, A., & Sharma, A. (2008). Poststroke depression. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15 (1), 13–21.Google Scholar
Desrosiers, J., Noreau, L., & Rochette, A. (2004). Social participation of older adults in Quebec. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 16, 406–412.Google Scholar
Desrosiers, J., Noreau, L., Rochette, A., Bourbonnais, D., Bravo, G., & Bourget, A. (2006). Predictors of long-term participation after stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation 28 (4), 221–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deutsch, A., Braun, S., & Granger, C.V. (1997). The Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) instrument. Journal of Rehabilitation Outcomes, 1 (2), 67–71.Google Scholar
Dickson, S., Barbour, R.S., Brady, M., Clark, A.M. & Paton, G. (2008). Patients' experiences of disruptions associated with post-stroke dysarthria. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 43 (2), 135–153.Google Scholar
Donovan, N.J., Kendall, D.L., Heaton, S.C., Kwon, S., Velozo, C.A., & Duncan, P.W. (2008). Conceptualising functional cognition in stroke. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 22, 122–135.Google Scholar
Doolittle, N. (1992). The experience of recovery following lacunar stroke. Rehabilitation Nursing, 17, 122–125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doyle, S., Bennett, S., Fasoli, S.E., & McKenna, K.T. (2010). Interventions for sensory impairment in the upper limb after stroke. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005 (6). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006331.pub2Google Scholar
Early Supported Discharge Trialists. (2005). Services for reducing duration of hospital care for acute stroke patients. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005 (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000443.pub2Google Scholar
Ekstam, L., Uppgard, B., von Koch, L., & Tham, K. (2007). Functioning in everyday life after stroke: A longitudinal study of elderly people receiving rehabilitation at home. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Science, 21, 434–446.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis-Hill, C.S., & Horn, S. (2000). Change in identity and self-concept: a new theoretical approach to recovery following a stroke. Clinical Rehabilitation, 14, 279–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erikson, A., Park, M., & Tham, K. (2010). Belonging: A qualitative, longitudinal study of what matters for persons after stroke during one year of rehabilitation. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 42, 831–838.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eriksson, G., & Tham, K. (2010). The meaning of occupational gaps in everyday life in the first year after stroke. OTJR: Occupation Participation and Health, 30 (4), 184–192.Google Scholar
Fougeyrollas, P., Noreau, L., Bergeron, H., Cloutier, R., Dion, S.A., & St-Michel, G. (1998). Social consequences of long term impairments and disabilities: conceptual approach and assessment of handicap. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 21, 127–141.Google Scholar
Fleming, J., Kuipers, P., Foster, M., Smith, S., & Doig, E. (2009). Evaluation of an outpatient, peer group intervention for people with acquired brain injury based on the ICF ‘Environment’ dimension. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31 (20), 1666–1675.Google Scholar
Glass, T.A., & Maddox, G.L. (1992). The quality and quantity of social support: stroke recovery as psycho-social transition. Social Science and Medicine, 34 (11), 1249–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glass, T.A., Matchar, D.B., Belyea, M., & Feussner, J.R. (1993). Impact of social support on outcome in first stroke. Stroke, 24, 64–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geyh, S., Cieza, A., Schouten, J., Dickson, H., Frommelt, P., Omar, Z., . . . Stucki, G. (2004). ICF core sets for stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, Supp 44, 135–141.Google Scholar
Geyh, S., Peter, G., Muller, R., Bickenbach, J.E., Kostanjsek, N., Ustun, B.T., . . . Cieza, A. (2011). The personal factors of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in the literature—a systematic review and content analysis. Disability and Rehabilitation, 33 (13–14), 1089–1102.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, K. (1939). The organism. New York, NY: Zone Books.Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1952). Effect of brain damage on the personality. Psychiatry, 15, 245–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goljar, N., Burger, H., Vidmar, G., Marincek, C., Krizaj, J., Chatterji, S., . . . Bickenbach, J.E. (2010). Function and disability in stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32 (S1), S50–S58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gracey, F., Palmer, S., Rous, B., Psaila, K., Shaw, K., O'Dell, J., . . . Mohamed, S. (2008). ‘Feeling part of things’: Personal construction of self after brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18 (5), 627–650.Google Scholar
Hammel, J., Jones, R., Gossett, A., & Morgan, E. (2006). Examining barriers and supports to community living and participation after a stroke from a Participatory Action Research approach. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 13 (3), 43–58.Google Scholar
Hartman-Maeir, A., Soroker, N., Ring, H., Avi, N., & Katz, N. (2007). Activities, participation and satisfaction one-year post stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29 (7), 559–566.Google Scholar
Higgins, E.T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94, 319–340.Google Scholar
Huber, J.G., Sillick, J., & Skarakis-Doyle, E. (2010). Personal perception and personal factors: Incorporating health-related quality of life into the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32 (23), 1955–1965.Google Scholar
Indredavik, B., Bakke, F., Solberg, R., Rokseth, R., Haheim, L.L., & Holme, I. (1991). Benefit of a stroke unit: A randomized control trial. Stroke, 22, 1026–1031.Google Scholar
Indredavik, B., Bakke, F., Slordahl, S.A., Rokseth, R., & Haheim, L.L. (1999). Stroke unit treatment: 10 year follow-up. Stroke, 30, 1524–1527.Google Scholar
Jette, A.M., Keysor, J., Coster, W., Ni, P., & Haley, S. (2005). Beyond function: Predicting participation in a rehabilitation cohort. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 2087–2094.Google Scholar
Katz, N., & Hartman-Maeir, A. (2005). Higher-level cognitive functions: Awareness and executive functions enabling engagement in occupation. In N. Katz (ed.) Cognition and occupation across the life span (2nd ed.). Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, G.A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs (Vols. 1 & 2). New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Landreville, P., Desrosiers, J., Vincent, C., Verreault, R., Boudreault, V., & The BRAD Group. (2009). The role of activity restriction in poststroke depressive symptoms. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54 (3), 315–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Langhorne, P., Coupar, F., & Pollack, A. (2009). Motor recovery after stroke: A systematic review. Lancet Neurology, 8, 741–754.Google Scholar
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.Google Scholar
Leonard, C.T., Miller, K.E., Griffiths, H.I., McClatchie, B.J., & Wherry, A.B. (1998). A sequential study assessing functional outcomes of first-time stroke survivors 1 to 5 years after rehabilitation. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 7 (2), 145–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahoney, F.I., & Barthel, D. (1965). Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. Maryland State Medical Journal, 14, 56–61.Google Scholar
Mayo, N.E., Nadeau, L., Daskalopoulou, S.S., & Cote, R. (2007). The evolution of stroke in Quebec: A 15 year perspective. Neurology, 68 (14), 1122–1127Google Scholar
Mayo, N.E., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Ahmed, S., Gordon, C., Higgins, J., McEwen, S., & Salbach, N. (1999). Disablement following stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 21 (5/6), 258–268.Google Scholar
Mayo, N.E., Wood-Dauphinee, S., Cote, R., Durcan, L., & Carlton, J. (2002). Activity, participation, and quality of life 6months poststroke. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1035–1042.Google Scholar
Pound, P., Gompertz, P., & Ebrahim, S. (1998). Illness in the context of older age: The case of stroke. Sociology of Health and Illness, 20 (4), 489–506.Google Scholar
Pohjasvaara, T., Vataja, R., Leppavuori, A., Kaste, M., & Erkinjuntti, T. (2001). Depression is an independent predictor of poor long-term functional outcome post-stroke. European Journal of Neurology, 8, 315–319.Google Scholar
Reutter-Bernays, D., & Rentsch, H.P. (1993). Rehabilitation of the elderly patient with stroke: An analysis of short-term and long-term results. Disability and Rehabilitation, 15, 90–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Riley, G.A., Brennan, A.J., & Powell, T. (2004). Threat appraisal and avoidance after traumatic brain injury: Why and how often are activities avoided? Brain Injury, 18 (9), 871–888.Google Scholar
Rimmer, J.H. (2006). Use of the ICF in identifying factors that impact participation in physical activity/rehabilitation among people with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28 (7), 1087–1095.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rittman, M., Faircloth, C., Boylstein, C., Gubrium, J.F., Williams, C., Van Puymbroeck, M., & Ellis, C. (2004). The experience of time in the transition from hospital to home following stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 41 (3A), 259–268.Google Scholar
Robinson, J., Wiles, R., Ellis-Hill, C., McPherson, K., Hyndman, D., & Ashburn, A. (2009). Resuming previously valued activities post stroke—who or what helps? Disability and Rehabilitation, 31 (9), 1555–1566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rochette, A., Bravo, G., Desrosiers, J., St-Cyr/Tribble, D., & Bourget, A. (2007). Adaptation process, participation and depression over six months in first-stroke individuals and spouses. Clinical Rehabilitation, 21, 554–562.Google Scholar
Rochette, A., Desrosiers, J., & Noreau, L. (2001). Association between personal and environmental factors and the occurrence of handicap situations following a stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation, 23 (13), 559–569.Google Scholar
Rochette, A., Desrosiers, J., Bravo, G., St-Cyr/Tribble, D., & Bourget, A. (2007). Changes in participation after a mild stroke: Quantitative and qualitative perspectives. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 14 (3), 59–68.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shadden, B.B., & Agan, J.P. (2004). Renegotiation of identity: The social context of aphasia support groups. Topics in Language Disorders, 24 (3), 174–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spitzer, J., Tse, T., Baum, C.M., & Carey, L.M. (2011). Mild impairment of cognition impacts on activity participation after stroke in a community-dwelling Australian cohort. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31 (1) Supp, S8–S15.Google Scholar
Stroke Unit Trialists’ Collaboration. (2007). Organised inpatient (stroke unit) care for stroke. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2007 (4). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD0001967.pub2Google Scholar
Sturm, J.W., Donnan, G.A., Dewey, H.M., Macdonnel, R.A., Gilligan, A.K., Srikanth, V., & Thrift, A.G. (2004). Quality of life after stroke: The north east Melbourne stroke incidence study (NEMESIS). Stroke, 35, 2340–2345.Google Scholar
Sumathipala, K., Radcliffe, E., Sadler, E., Wolfe, C.D.A., & McKevitt, C. (2011). Identifying the long-term needs of stroke survivors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Chronic Illness, 8 (1), 31–44.Google Scholar
Tatemichi, T.K., Desmond, D.W., Stern, Y., Paik, M., Sano, M., & Bagiella, E. (1994). Cognitive impairment after stroke: Frequency, patterns, and relationship to functional abilities. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 57, 202–207.Google Scholar
Teasell, R., Foley, N., Bhogal, S., & Speechley, M. (2011). Evidence Review 6: The elements of stroke rehabilitation. In EBRSR: Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.ebrsr.com/uploads/Module-6_elements_001.pdfGoogle Scholar
Teasell, R., Salter, K., Bitensky, J., Bhogal, S.K., Foley, N., Menon, A., . . . Jutai, J. (2011). Evidence Review 13: Perceptual disorders. In EBRSR: Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.ebrsr.com/uploads/Module-13_Perceptual-Disorders.pdfGoogle Scholar
Tempest, S., & McIntyre, A. (2006). Using the ICF to clarify team roles and demonstrate clinical reasoning in stroke rehabilitation. Disability and Rehabilitation, 28 (10), 663–667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Threats, T.T. (2007) Access for persons with neurogenic communication disorders: Influences of personal and environmental factors of the ICF. Aphasiology, 21 (1), 67–80.Google Scholar
Turner, J.C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 15–40). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tyson, S., & Turner, G. (2000). Discharge and follow-up for people with stroke: What happens and why. Clinical Rehabilitation, 14, 381–392.Google Scholar
Vanhook, P. (2009). The domains of stroke recovery: A synopsis of the literature. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 41 (1), 6–17.Google Scholar
Viscogliosi, C., Belleville, S., Desrosiers, J., Caron, C.D., Ska, B., & the BRAD Group. (2011). Participation after a stroke: Changes over time as a function of cognitive deficits. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 52, 336–343.Google Scholar
Viscogliosi, C., Desrosiers, J., Belleville, S., Caron, C.D., Ska, B., & BRAD Group. (2011). Differences in participation according to specific cognitive deficits following a stroke. Applied Neuropsychology, 18 (2), 117–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warlow, C., van Gijn, J., Dennis, M.S., Wardlaw, J.M., & Bamford, J. (2008). Stroke: Practical management (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Waters, S.J., Keefe, F.J., & Strauman, T.J. (2004). Self-Discrepancy in chronic low back pain: Relation to pain, depression, and psychological distress. Journal of Pain Symptom Management, 27, 251–259.Google Scholar
White, J.H., MacKenzie, L., Magin, P., & Pollack, M.R.P. (2008). The occupational experience of stroke survivors in a community setting. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 28 (4), 160–167.Google Scholar
Wolf, T.J., Baum, C., & Connor, L.T. (2009). Changing face of stroke: Implications for occupational therapy practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63, 621–625.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.Google Scholar