The coming Centenary of the Oxford Movement has revealed a deep cleavage betwen two sections of the Anglo-Catholic party. A realisation of the existence and extent of this cleavage makes it plain that the two sections as they crystallise and gain clearer definition will find themselves heading in opposite directions—the one for Rome, the other for Pan-Protestantism. This cleavage between the two sections lies in their respective views of the nature and authority of the Church of Christ. The section which lately made itself heard in the Manifesto of the Fifty stands by the traditional Anglo-Catholic doctrine of the nature and authority of the Church; a society (temporarily divided it is true) but essentially one and endowed with what has been nicknamed ‘oracular’ infallibility. The section of the party whose views find expression in Essays: Catholic and Critical has abandoned these traditional views and has evolved a new theory of the nature and authority of the Church, which is said to be consonant with New Testament teaching but which does not, apparently, lay claim to historical sanction in the period which lies between the Apostles’ days and our own. Mr. Will Spens, the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge, in putting this theory forward, admits that ‘if (as is admitted) we are bound to assert that the Church must possess an actual unity, and if for the purposes of the discussion the Church can adequately be thought of as a society, the Roman conclusion is in the long run inevitable’ (Theology, March, 1928, ‘The Anglican Doctrine of the Church,’ p. 137).