¹ The number 318 is too precise to be without foundation. St Athanasius himself speaks of 300, Apol. II, vi (Newman Athanasius, Historical Tracts, p. 43); elsewhere, ad Afros ii, he says explicitly 318; Sozomen, H. E. I, xvii, says ‘about 320’; Eusebius, Vita Constnatini III, iii, ‘more than 250.’ The date June 19th perhaps refers to the definition, Mansi vi, 955; Hefele, 274.

² Egyptian records put them at 2,000, a figure which probably stands for the entire assembly. See Theodoret, H.E. I, vii; Rufinus, H.E. I, i; St. Epiphanius, Hoer. lxix; St. Ambrose, De Fide, I, i; also Mansi, Concilia, 11, 637, 666, 729.

³ Vita III.

⁴ Socrates, H.E. I, viii; Sozomen, H.E. I, xvii; Hefele I, 277, Engl. tr.; Gelasius Cyzicenus gives these disputes, cf. Mansi II, 827, 839

⁵ Mansi, 11, 638.

⁶ St. Gregory Nazianzen, de funere patris.

⁷ Mansi, 11, 637.

⁸ Socrates, H.E. I, x-xi; Sozomen, H.E. I, xvi. Hefele, 272.

⁹ Mansi, 11, 635.

¹⁰ Church; Times, May 20.

¹¹ Mansi, 11, 635.

¹² H.E. I, viii.

¹³ Eusebius, Vita Constantini 111, vi. Note the word εκελεvσεv of his convocation of the Council of Sardica, Athanasius, Apol. iii, 1 (Newman, Historical Tracts of Athanasius, p. 59); cf. Hefele, pp. 9 and 269, Rufinus, H.E. I, i.

¹⁴ Though Socrates seems to mention the ‘minutes’ of the Council, cf. Hefele I, EngL tr., p. 274, and see the so-called ‘Acta’ by Gelasius Cysicenus, Mansi, 11, 759ff.

¹⁵ For the question of the number of Canons see Mansi, 11, 734; Schaff and Wace, Seven Oecumenical Councils, p 43; St. Athanasius, Apol. 11, iv (in Newman, Athanasius, Historcal Tracts, p. 41). For the value of the Arabic Canons see Schaff and Wace, loc. cit. p. 46.

¹⁶ It is idle to argue about the relation of the Bishop of Rome to Nicaea when we have such facts as St. Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians, Marcion's appearance in Rome (St. Epiphanius, Hoer. xlii), the cases of St. Polycarp (Eusebius, H.E. IV, xiv), St. Victor (H.E. V, xxiv), and Paul of Samosata (H.E. VII, XXX); cf. Newman's Athamius, vol. I, p. 45 note, and St. Athanasius, Apol. vi, 2-3. For further information on the subject see Mansi 11, 637, 692, 719, 728, 731, 738, 882, 927.

¹⁷ Eusebius himself tells us that ‘the prelate of the imperial city was prevented from attending by extreme old age; but his presbyters were present, and supplied his place.,’Vita Constantini iii, 111, vii. It Seems incredible that anyone should by ‘the Imperial city’ understand Costantinople, which had not yet been erected into an Imperial city, and which certainly did not send priests as representatives of its prelate; yet this is dane by the editor of Socrates' Church History in Schaff and Wace, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers on H.E. I, viii, where Eusec b i d words are quoted by Socrates. Of Hosius, St. Athanasius asks of what synod was he not president?De Fuga v (see Hefele I, p 39, and Theodore?, H.E. 11, xv). The fact that Hosiue was president is specifically stated by Gelasius who wrote his history of the Council in the fifth century (Mansi, 11, 806). It is only by a slip that Sozomen speaks of the reigning Pope as Julius (H.E. I, xvii); he had just previously mentioned Silvester (I, ii.).

¹⁸ See Hefele, 261.

¹⁹ Hefele, p. 269; also p. 9.

²⁰ As Canon Sparrow Simpson states; yet Hefele would have shewn him that the Council of Constantinople only obtained Oecumenical rank later (loc. cit. p. 10).

²¹ Ep. liii.

²² Vita Constantini 111, x; Socrates, H.E. 1, viii; Gelasius up. Mansi, 11, 807.

²³ Vita 111, x; Sorates, H.E. I, v; Theodoret, H.E. I, vii; cf. Mansi, 11, 638, 728, 907.

²⁴ Hefele, p. 36. Note, too, Constantine's action in burning the appeals presented to him, at the opening of the Council (Sozomen, H.E. I, xvi and lxxi; Socrates, H.E. I, viii; Theodoret, H.E. I, xi; Rufinus, H.E. I, ii; Mansi, 11, 638, 819; Hefele, p. 37). In fact, nothing is more patent in the various accounts of the Council than that in every respect Constantine adhered to his initial declaration that he himself was concerned solely with ‘external concerns,’τωvεκτòδ; ‘the priests debated, the Emperor listened’ (Socrates, H.E. 111, xx); note, too, ‘those who presided’ (Eusebius, Vila 111, 13; cf. Hefele, p. 33).

²⁵ Athanasius himself repeatedly speaks of the Council as ‘Oecumenical,’e.g., Ep. in defence of the Nicene definition, ii, 3, vi, 6; cf. Newman, St. Athanasius, Treatises against Arianism, Oxford Library, I, pp. 5 and 49.

²⁶ Bishop Robertson in Theology, June, p. 312.

²⁷ H.E. I, viii.

²⁸ H.E. I, xxvi; cf. St. Athanasius, Apologia, 8; Newman, Athanasius, Historical Tracts, p. 21.

²⁹ Loc. cit.

³⁰ The Seven Oecumenkd Councils, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, XIV, p. 2.

³¹ Mansi, 11, col. 538, 638, cp. col. 1029.