During 1942–1983, the average survival rate of Ospreys in Sweden (as derived from ringing data) was 53% during the first year, and for older birds it varied between 72% and 86% (below the level recorded in North America). The annual survival rate decreased significantly among young birds (1st-3rd years of life) but not among older age classes. A weak relationship between annual survival and rainfall in wintering areas in West Africa may exist for some year-classes.

Breeding success was 2.1 young per successful breeding attempt over the period 1961-1987, which is lower than during 1938-1946. The long-term annual growth rate of the population declined from 7% around 1940 to 5% around 1990.

A local decline in breeding success occurred during the 1960s and 1970s in areas heavily affected by acid precipitation in south-west Sweden, but this trend halted during the 1980s as liming programmes restored the fish stocks in acidified lakes. There was a significant relationship between lake productivity, measured as concentrations of total phosphorus, and breeding success: at 16 lakes breeding success ranged between 1.6 and 2.3 young per nest per year, and at the most oligotrophic lakes breeding success was close to the minimum required to balance mortality.

The Swedish population of the Osprey is not in acute danger, but the decline in the potential for population growth should be noted.

Three different methods (visual detection on transects, call-playback and territory mapping) were used to estimate the densities of the White-breasted Mesite Mesitornis variegata in western Malagasy deciduous forest. The species is threatened and belongs o t an endemic family of uncertain affinities. The population in the Menabe region, central-west Madagascar, surveyed using call-playback (the most efficient survey method), is estimated at 3,000-19,000 individuals; that of Ankarafantsika, north-west Madagascar, 6,000-26,000 individuals. Other western populations may be relicts. The White-breasted Mesite occurs at highest densities and with highest productivity in logged forest near rivers in the south of its range and in undisturbed sand-forest in the north, and is present at low density or absent from some areas of apparently suitable habitat, as well as forest that is secondary or has been severely damaged by burning. It is probably not immediately at risk from rats, dogs or selective exploitation, but hunting and forest burning through accidental bushfires or clearance for agriculture are locally important threats.

Trois méthodes différentes (détection visuelle sur transect, réémission de chant, et délimitation du territoire) ont été utilisées pour faire des estimations de la densité de la Mésite Variée Mesitornis variegata dans la forêt sèche de l'ouest de Madagascar. L'espèce est considérée comme menacée et appartient à une famille endémique de relations obscures. La population dans la region du Menabe, centre-ouest Madagascar, estime avec la réémission de chant (la méthode la plus efficace) est entre 3,000-19,000; celle de l'Ankarafantsika, nord-ouest Madagascar, est entre 6,000-26,000. Les autres populations occidentales sont probablement des vestiges. L'habitat ou l'espece se trouve le plus commune est à côté des rivières dans la foret exploitée, dans la partie méridionale de son aire de distribution, et dans forêt intacte sur sable dans le partie septentrionale. L'espece parait etre absente dans d'autres régions, meme où l'habitat est similaire. Elle existe rarement ou pas du tout dans les forêts sécondaires ou brulees. Les rongeurs introduits et Sexploitation forestiere selective ne posent pas probablement un grand problème pour l'espece, mais la chasse et le defrîchement pour l'agriculture sont localement importante.

The Madagascar Red Owl, known from the eastern rainforest of central Madagascar by a few specimens collected in the nineteenth and early twentieth century and one sight record in 1973, was rediscovered in late July 1993 in north-eastern Madagascar. An adult bird, held in captivity for approximately one year, was located in the town of Andapa. According to the owner, the owl had been obtained south-west of Andapa, near the village of Antanamangotroka, in a forested area connected to the Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, and at about 800 m above sea-level. This record expands the known geographic range of this species and provides the first documentation of its continued existence in over 20 years.

La Chouette de Soumagne, connue de la forêt pluviale orientale du Domaine du Centre de Madagascar à travers quelques spécimens collectés au 19ème siècle et début du 20ème siècle et d'aprés une observation en 1973, a été redécouverte à la fin du mois de juillet 1993 au nord-est de Madagascar. Un individu adulte, qui venait de passer plus d'un an en captivité, a été découvert dans la ville d'Andapa. D'après la personne qui détenait l'animal, la chouette avait été capturee au sud-ouest d'Andapa, pres du village d'Antanamangotroka, au sein d'une zone forestière connectée avec la Réserve Spéciale d'Anjanaharibe-Sud, à une altitude d'environ 800 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer. Cette nouvelle donnée constitue une expansion significative de l'aire de distribution de cette espèce et apporte la preuve de la survie de cette espèce endémique qui n'avait pas été observee depuis plus de 20 ans.

Twenty-eight species of parrot have been recorded in Argentina. Most of them inhabit forests in the northern part of the country. The conservation status of Argentine parrotsis serious, especially as regards the large species. Of the 11 species of macaws and amazons that formerly existed there, only four now occur for certain. Today, it is still possible to find flocks of many of the remaining species, but several of them have declined. The main problems affecting these species are habitat destruction, primarily of the Misiones forest, and international trade. The large number of species without authorized export quotas for 1993 indicates a very good level of protection for these species, but the authorized quotas for the remaining species are generally high.

Veintiocho especies de loros han sido registradas en Argentina, la mayoría de las cuales habitan selvas en el norte del país. El status de conservatión de los loros argentinos es serio, especialmente el de las grandes especies. De las 11 especies de guacamayos y amazonas que existieron antiguamente, sólo cuatro ocurren con seguridad en la actualidad. Aunque todavía es posible encontrar bandadas de muchas de las especies restantes, muchas de ellas han declinado. Los principales problemas que afectan a estas especies son la destruction del habitat, printipalmente las selvas de Misiones, y el comercio international. El gran número de espeties sin cuotas de exportatión autorizadas para 1993 indica un muy buen nivel de protectión para estas espeties, pero las cuotas autorizadas para el resto de las especies son en general altas.

The Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius tahitiensis is a rare shorebird that breeds in western Alaska and winters on oceanic islands in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean. Before human colonization, the islands on which curlews winter were devoid of terrestrial predators, allowing curlews to evolve a rapid moult during which about 50% of adults become flightless. Especially when flightless, these birds are vulnerable to harvest by humans and to predation by introduced mammals such as dogs and cats. On atolls where they are harvested by humans, curlews tend to occur only on uninhabited islets. Consequently, human encroachment in Oceania has probably reduced Bristle-thighed Curlew numbers and altered winter distribution of the species. Future studies should (1) identify concentrations of wintering curlews, focusing in the Tuamotu Archipelago; (2) determine whether migratory stopover sites exist in the central Pacific between Hawaii and the southern end of the wintering grounds; and (3) establish a monitoring programme to assess population trends in several parts of the winter range. A comprehensive plan is needed to provide for the existence of predator-free islands throughout key portions of the winter range.

During June and July 1994, five sites in the Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area weresurveyed for restricted-range and globally threatened birds, with the ultimate aim of identifying a suitable area for protected area establishment to safeguard populations of endemic Lophura pheasants. Vietnamese Pheasant L. hatinhensis was found at twosites situated less than 10 km apart, although only regularly encountered in one area, the Net River watershed, Quang Binh province. No conclusive evidence was found of the existence of Imperial Pheasant L. imperialis at any site, although it almost certainly also occurs in the Net River watershed or close by. Where they occur, logging and hunting pose the most serious threats to the long-term survival of these endemic pheasants. Although previously believed to be largely confined to forest in flatter areas, evidence collected during the surveys suggests that L. hatinhensis is commonest on ridgetops and slopes in areas with relatively undisturbed, closed-canopy forest. Hence, a major recommendation of this study is that conservation areas for this species should include the maximum extent possible of closed-canopy or lightly logged forest that includes hilly terrain as well as lower-lying, flat areas. The most appropriate area for designation as a protected area was identified as forest in the Net River watershed. It is recommended that a full feasibility study for the establishment of such an area be undertaken as a priority, and that meanwhile a moratorium on legal logging activities and efforts to curtail illegal logging and hunting be implemented by Vietnam's Ministry of Forestry.

The Maleo Conservation Project Phase II surveyed the distribution and status of Maleonesting grounds in and around Dumoga-Bone National Park in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, in 1990–1991. The number of known nesting grounds is now 83, 35 inland and 48 coastal, while 18 sites require confirmation. Most sites along this coast are now abandoned or severely threatened (many now being cut off from adjacent forest), and the population there is estimated at only 335–740 pairs. The region's inland nesting grounds, used by putatively 2,000 pairs, are also increasingly threatened, notably through egg exploitation. An average of 5·45 birds per day visited one inland nesting ground, Tambun, over a 10-month period, indicating usage by 160 pairs altogether.