Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T15:28:10.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Review of historical breeding sites of the Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Syria and south-eastern Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2021

ANDRE SCHENKER*
Affiliation:
Gartenstrasse 4, 4142Münchenstein, Switzerland.
GIANLUCA SERRA
Affiliation:
via Primo Settembre 14, 50014Fiesole (FI), Italy.
*
*Author for correspondence; email: [email protected]

Summary

An updated and comprehensive compilation and review of the historical breeding sites of the Northern Bald Ibis in Syria and south-eastern Turkey is presented accompanied by all available details. The original sources, dating from the first half of the 19th century to 2010, were thoroughly assessed and reviewed. A detailed distribution map of confirmed and unconfirmed historical Northern Bald Ibis colonies was developed, showing a cluster of colonies located in the central steppe of Syria, between the villages of Qaryatayn and Sukhna, while several other colonies were scattered along the Euphrates river from southern Turkey to Iraq, passing through Syria.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aharoni, J. (1911) An den Brutplätzen von Comatibis comata, Ehrbg. Ztschr. für Oologie 1: 911.Google Scholar
Aharoni, J. (1929) Zur Brutbiologie von Comatibis comata Bp. (Geronticus eremita L.). Beiträge zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Vögel 5: 1719.Google Scholar
Aharoni, J. (1932) Bemerkungen und Ergänzungen zu R. Meinertzhagens Werk “Nicoll's Birds of Egypt”. J. Ornithol. 80: 416420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ainsworth, W. F. (1842) Travels and researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea, and Armenia. Vol. 1. London, UK: John W. Parker.Google Scholar
Akçakaya, H. R. (1990) Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita population in Turkey: an evaluation of the captive breeding project for reintroduction. Biol. Conserv. 51: 225237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BirdLife International (2018) Species factsheet Geronticus eremita. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 24/11/2018.Google Scholar
Böhm, C. and Pegoraro, K. (2011) Der Waldrapp. Westarp Hohenwarsleben: Neue Brehm-Bücherei.Google Scholar
Bourne, W. R. P. (1959) Notes on autumn migration in the Middle East. Ibis 101: 170175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowden., C. G. R. (Compiler) (2015) Internationale Single Species Action Plan for the Conservation of the Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). Bonn, Germany: AEWA Technical series No. 55.Google Scholar
Brown, E. S. (1946) Notes on birds seen on a trip in northern Syria. Middle East Biological Scheme . Jerusalem Nat. Club Bull. 33: 16 Google Scholar
Collar, N. J. and Stuart, S. N. (1985) Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita (Linnaeus, 1758). Pp. 74–108 in Threatened birds of Africa and related islands. Cambridge, UK: The ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book Part 1.Google Scholar
Danford, C. G. (1880) A further contribution to the ornithology of Asia Minor. Ibis (IV)4: 8199.Google Scholar
Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. and Sargatal, J., eds. (1992) Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. I. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.Google Scholar
Hatipoglu, T. (2016) Conservation project, Birecik, Turkey. Pp. 40–46 in Boehm, C. and Bowden, C. G. R.. Northern Bald Ibis conservation and translocation workshop. Report of 4th International Advisory Group for the Northern Bald Ibis IAGNBI meeting Seekirchen, Austria; August 2016.Google Scholar
Helfer, J.W. (1878) Travels of Doctor and Madame Helfer ins Syria, Mesopotamia, Burma and other lands . Narrated by Pauline, Countess Nostitz (formerly Madame Helfer), and rendered into English by Mrs George Sturge. Vol. 1. London, UK: Richard Bentley & Son.Google Scholar
Hirsch, U. (1979) Studies of West Palearctic birds. 183 Bald Ibis. British Birds 72: 313325.Google Scholar
Hirsch, U. (1980) Der Waldrapp Geronticus eremita, ein Beitrag zur Situation in seinem östlichen Verbreitungsgebiet. Vogelwelt 101: 219236.Google Scholar
Krabbe, N. (1983) Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) seen on migration in Israel. Ornithol. Soc. Middle East Bull. 10: 13.Google Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1958) Von der Kolonie des Waldrapps, Geronticus eremita (L.), bei Birecik am Euphrat. Beiträge zur Vogelkunde 6: 189202.Google Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1962) Zur Geschichte der Waldrapp-Kolonie in Birecik am oberen Euphrat. J. Orn. 103: 389398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1965) Zur Situation der Waldrappkolonie Geronticus eremita (L. 1758) in Birecik am Euphrat. Vogelwelt 86: 4248.Google Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1967) Nouvelles données de la colonie d’ibis chevelu Geronticus eremita (L.) 1758 à Birecik sur l’Euphrate (Turquie). Alauda 35: 194202.Google Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1969) Situation de la colonie d’Ibis chevelus Geronticus eremita à Birecik en 1968 et 1969. Alauda 37: 260261.Google Scholar
Kumerloeve, H. (1978) Waldrapp, Geronticus eremita (LINNAEUS, 1758), und Glattnackenrapp, Geronticus calvus (BODDAERT, 1783) Zur Geschichte ihrer Erforschung und zur gegenwärtigen Bestandessituation. Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien 81: 319349.Google Scholar
Kyllingstadt, H. (1986) A record of bald Ibis from the Sinai mountains. Ornithol. Soc. Middle East Bull. 17: 12.Google Scholar
Lambert, F. R. and Grimmet, R. F. (1983) Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita) in Israel. Ornithol. Soc. Middle East Bull. 10: 12.Google Scholar
Lindsell, J., Serra, G., Abdallah, M. S., al Qaim, G. and Peske, L. (2009) Satellite tracking reveals the migration route and wintering area of the Middle Eastern population of Northern Bald Ibis. Oryx 43: 329335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, H. J and Boswell, C. (1956) Field observations on the birds of Iraq. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ. 9: 1109; 10: 110–213; 12: 214–299.Google Scholar
Paz, U. (1987) The birds of Israel. London, UK: Christopher Helm.Google Scholar
Pegoraro, K. (1996) Der Waldrapp. Wiesbaden, Germany: Aula.Google Scholar
Robin, P. (1973) Comportement des colonies de Geronticus eremita dans le sud marocain, lors des periodes de sécheresse. Bonner Zool. Beiträge 24: 317322.Google Scholar
Safriel, U. (1980) Notes on the extinct population of the Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in the Syrian desert. Ibis 122: 8288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schenker, A. (1977) Das ehemalige Verbreitungsgebiet des Waldrapps Geronticus eremita in Europa. Ornithol. Beob. 74: 1330.Google Scholar
Schweiger-Lerchfeld, A. (1876) Ingenieur Josef Cernik’s technische Studien-Expedition durch die Gebiete Euphrat und Tigris nebst Ein- und Ausgangs-Routen durch Nord-Syrien. Petermann’s Geographische Mitteilungen, Ergänzungsheft No 45, Zweite Hälfte: 1–47.Google Scholar
Sclater, P. L. (1906) On some birds collected by Mr. Douglas Carruthers in the Syrian desert. Ibis (VIII) 6: 307317.Google Scholar
Serra, G., Abdallah, M., Assaed, A., Abdallah, A., Al Qaim, G., Fayad, T. and Williamson, D. (2004) Discovery of a relict breeding colony of northern bald ibis Geronticus eremita in Syria. Oryx 38: 106108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G., Abdallah, M. and Al Qaim, G. (2008) Feeding ecology and behaviour of last surviving Middle eastern N. Bald Ibises breeding in the Syrian steppe. Zool. Middle East 43: 5568.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G., Peske, L., Abdallah, M. S., al Qaim, G. and Kanani, A. (2009) Breeding ecology and behaviour of the last wild oriental Northern Bald Ibises (Geronticus eremita) in Syria. J. Ornithol. 150: 769782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G., Bruschini, C., Lindsell, J. A., Peske, L. and Kanani, A. (2011) Breeding range of the last eastern colony of Critically Endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in the Syrian steppe: a threatened area. Bird Conserv. Internatn. 21: 284295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G., Bruschini, C., Peske, L., Kubsa, A., Wondafrash, M. and Lindsell, J. A. (2013) An assessment of ecological conditions and threats at the Ethiopian wintering site of the last known eastern colony of critically endangered Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita . Bird Conserv. Internatn. 23: 399413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serra, G. (2017) The last flight of the ancient guide of Hajj. Nine years of conservation efforts between Arabia and East Africa. Apia, Samoa: Self published. www.thelastflight.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/LAST-FLIGHT-dicembre-2016.pdf (accessed 02.04.2017)Google Scholar
Shirihai, H. (1996) The birds of Israel. London, UK: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Ticehurst, C. B, Buxton, P. A. and Cheesman, R. E (1922) The birds of Mesopotamia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28: 210250, 381–427, 650–674, 937–956.Google Scholar
Ticehurst, C. B., Cox, P. and Cheesman, R. E. (1926) Additional notes on the avifauna of Iraq. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 31: 91119.Google Scholar
Tristam, H. B. (1882) Ornithological notes of a journey through Syria, Mesopotamia and Southern Armenia in 1881. Ibis (I)(2004)V, 6: 402419.Google Scholar
Warncke, K. (1965) Beitrag zur Vogelwelt der Türkei, 2 Teil. Vogelwelt 86: 119.Google Scholar
Welch, G. and Welch, H. (2004) Movements of the eastern population of Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in the Middle East. IAGNBI newsletter 3: 6672.Google Scholar
Weigold, H. (1912/1913) Ein Monat Ornithologie in den Wüsten und Kulturoasen Nordwestmesopotamiens und Innersyriens. J. Ornithol. 60: 249297, 365–410; 61: 1–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wirth, E. (1971) Syrien. Eine geographische Landeskunde. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Länderkunden Band 4/5.Google Scholar