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Assessing spatial dispersion, abundance, and conservation perspectives of Military Macaw Ara militaris populations in Mexico

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2021

TIBERIO C. MONTERRUBIO-RICO ,
JUAN F. CHARRE-MEDELLÍN Open the ORCID record for JUAN F. CHARRE-MEDELLÍN [Opens in a new window] ,
YAMEL RUBIO-ROCHA ,
CARLOS BONILLA-RUZ ,
CLAUDIA CINTA-MAGALLÓN ,
RAMÓN CANCINO-MURILLO ,
FRANCISCO J. SAHAGÚN-SÁNCHEZ ,
ALEJANDRO DURAN-FERNÁNDEZ ,
JENNIFER S. LOWRY  and
JESÚS M. CORRALES-SAUCEDO
TIBERIO C. MONTERRUBIO-RICO
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Vertebrados Terrestres Prioritarios, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R”, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
JUAN F. CHARRE-MEDELLÍN*
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Vertebrados Terrestres Prioritarios, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R”, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, México. Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Campus Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
YAMEL RUBIO-ROCHA
Affiliation:
Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
CARLOS BONILLA-RUZ
Affiliation:
Guacamayas para Siempre A.C., Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.
CLAUDIA CINTA-MAGALLÓN
Affiliation:
Guacamayas para Siempre A.C., Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México.
RAMÓN CANCINO-MURILLO
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Vertebrados Terrestres Prioritarios, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R”, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
FRANCISCO J. SAHAGÚN-SÁNCHEZ
Affiliation:
Universidad de Guadalajara. Departamento de Políticas Públicas, CUCEA, Zapopan, Jalisco, México.
ALEJANDRO DURAN-FERNÁNDEZ
Affiliation:
Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Dirección de la Reserva de la Biosfera “Sierra del Abra Tanchipa”, Tamuín, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
JENNIFER S. LOWRY
Affiliation:
United Corridors A.C., Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.
JESÚS M. CORRALES-SAUCEDO
Affiliation:
Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
*
*Author for correspondence; email: [email protected]
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Summary

The preservation of Military Macaw Ara militaris in Mexico required the implementation of a nationwide assessment evaluating its vulnerability using IUCN criteria. With the combined effort of several institutions, the abundance, location, dispersion, habitat availability, and climatic conditions of areas occupied by the species were determined. Although the species’ extent of occurrence is extensive (263,919 km2) only 29% of this constitutes area of occupancy. Published estimates indicate a series of isolated populations containing from four macaws to 215. Macaws occurred in 35 populations in four regions of 16 states containing an estimated 1,563–3,263 macaws; lower than required for long-term viability. Within regions, neighbouring populations were separated by an average of 68 km. The extent of occurrence is heterogeneous, and macaws inhabit areas that differ in elevation, precipitation, temperature, and forest cover. Higher local abundances occur in landscapes where annual precipitation is ≥1,100 mm, and primary forest availability ≥1,800 km2. Although the existence of undetected macaw groups in Mexico is possible, these are likely to contain only small numbers of individuals, as most detected areas with macaws contain less than 40 individuals, and larger concentrations are more likely to be noticed due to their conspicuous behaviour. The species is threatened primarily by its low overall abundance, fragmented distribution, and forest loss around populations with the highest abundance. With the information generated, it is possible to design and implement specific management and conservation strategies at different geographic scales for the recovery and maintenance of the species in Mexico. It is necessary to strengthen collaborative programmes among conservation organizations, government agencies, and local communities in each region of the country to organize and finance community-based actions such as monitoring, habitat restoration, protection from poaching and the creation of a network of conservation corridors and macaw reserves focused on conservation.

Keywords

Spatial dispersion patternsmetapopulationMilitary Macaw
Type
Research Article
Information
Bird Conservation International , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , December 2021 , pp. 534 - 552
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of BirdLife International

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