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Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: Early and late bilinguals' linguistic behavior within the noun phrase*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2011

IRMA V. ALARCÓN
IRMA V. ALARCÓN*
Affiliation:
Wake Forest University
*
Address for correspondence: Wake Forest University, Department of Romance Languages, P.O. Box 7566, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA[email protected]
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Abstract

The present study explores knowledge of Spanish grammatical gender in both comprehension and production by heritage language speakers and second language (L2) learners, with native Spanish speakers as a baseline. Most L2 research has tended to interpret morphosyntactic variability in interlanguage production, such as errors in gender agreement, as a lack of native-like representation in the learner's grammar because of maturational constraints. From this perspective, adult English-speaking learners of Spanish are incapable of acquiring gender fully, whereas heritage Spanish speakers, who have been exposed to the language from birth, can attain complete gender acquisition. However, results of two tasks, one measuring written comprehension and the other oral production, show that advanced proficiency L2 learners, as well as advanced proficiency heritage speakers, have gender in their underlying grammars, and that the errors in oral production that L2 learners occasionally produce are due to difficulties in the surface manifestations of the abstract features of gender, i.e., the “mapping problem” (Lardiere, 2007).

Keywords

bilingualismgender agreementheritage Spanish speakerssecond language acquisition
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , July 2011 , pp. 332 - 350
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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Footnotes

*

The author would like to thank the editor Carmen Silva-Corvalán as well as the anonymous reviewers for their many helpful suggestions, which greatly improved the article.

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