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Modality-general and modality-specific bilingual control mechanisms in spoken and written productions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2024

Tingting Yang ,
Zhenguang G. Cai ,
Weihao Lin  and
Ruiming Wang Open the ORCID record for Ruiming Wang [Opens in a new window]
Tingting Yang
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, Ministry of Education, & Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
Zhenguang G. Cai
Affiliation:
Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages & Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
Weihao Lin
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, Ministry of Education, & Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
Ruiming Wang*
Affiliation:
Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents, Ministry of Education, & Centre for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
*
Corresponding author: Ruiming Wang; Email: [email protected].
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Abstract

Do bilinguals have similar bilingual control mechanisms in speaking and writing? The present study investigated the patterns of switch costs (reflecting reactive language control) and mixing costs (reflecting proactive language control) between Chinese (L1) and English (L2) in spoken and written productions and whether these patterns could be modulated by response-stimulus intervals (RSIs). In two experiments, unbalanced Chinese–English bilinguals completed a cued language switching task in spoken naming (Experiment 1) and written naming (Experiment 2), respectively. The results revealed asymmetrical switch costs (i.e., the larger cost in L1 than in L2) in spoken and written productions in the short RSI condition. However, there were asymmetrical mixing costs in spoken production and symmetrical mixing costs in written production both in the short and long RSIs. These findings suggest that for spoken and written productions, reactive language control operates in similar mechanisms, while proactive language control operates in specific mechanisms.

Keywords

Bilingualismlanguage productionpicture namingmodalitylanguage control
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , November 2024 , pp. 862 - 873
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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This article has earned badges for transparent research practices: Open Data. For details see the Data Availability Statement.

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