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Interaction of bilingualism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in young adults*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2016

ELLEN BIALYSTOK ,
KORNELIA HAWRYLEWICZ ,
MELODY WISEHEART Open the ORCID record for MELODY WISEHEART [Opens in a new window]  and
MAGGIE TOPLAK
ELLEN BIALYSTOK*
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
KORNELIA HAWRYLEWICZ
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
MELODY WISEHEART
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
MAGGIE TOPLAK
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
*
Address for Correspondence: Ellen Bialystok, Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada[email protected]
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Abstract

One hundred and sixty-eight young adult participants were classified as monolingual or bilingual and as having a previously reported clinical diagnosis of ADHD or not to create four groups. All participants completed tests of language proficiency, ADHD ratings, and executive control. Both bilingualism and ADHD are generally associated with poorer vocabulary knowledge, but bilingualism and ADHD are associated with opposite effects on executive control. Consistent with this literature, bilinguals performed more poorly than monolinguals on the vocabulary test but contrary to predictions, the ADHD group performed somewhat better on language ability than the non-ADHD group, attesting to their high functioning status. For the flanker task, both bilinguals and non-ADHD participants showed less cost in performing in the conflict condition than in the baseline condition. For the stop-signal task, ADHD status interfered more with performance by bilinguals than monolinguals, suggesting a greater burden of ADHD on executive function for this group.

Keywords

BilingualismADHDexecutive control
Type
Research Article
Information
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , May 2017 , pp. 588 - 601
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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Footnotes

*

This research was funded by grant A2559 from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada (NSERC) and grant R01HD052523 from the US National Institutes of Health to Ellen Bialystok. We thank Lee Unger for assistance throughout this study.

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