Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T18:17:37.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

It matters how much you talk: On the automaticity of affective connotations of first and second language words

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2011

JULIANE DEGNER*
Affiliation:
University of Amsterdam
CVETA DOYCHEVA
Affiliation:
University Heidelberg
DIRK WENTURA
Affiliation:
Saarland University
*
*Address for correspondence: Juliane Degner, University of Amsterdam, Social Psychology, Roeterstraat 15, 1018WB Amsterdam, the Netherlands[email protected]

Abstract

We report the results of an affective priming study conducted with proficient sequential German and French bilinguals to assess automatic affective word processing in L1 and L2. Additionally, a semantic priming task was conducted in both languages. Whereas semantic priming effects occurred in L1 and L2, and significant affective priming effects were found in L1, affective priming effects in L2 were only found for participants with high levels of language immersion and frequency of L2 use. These results suggest that for sequential bilinguals the intensity of L2 use largely determines whether emotional words in L2 automatically activate their affective connotations.

Type
Research Notes
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

CELEX (1995). The CELEX lexical database, Release 2. Nijmegen: Center for Lexical Information.Google Scholar
Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407428.Google Scholar
Dewaele, J.-M. (2004). The emotional force of swearwords and taboo words in the speech of multilinguals. Journal of Multicultural and Multilingual Development, 25, 204222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eilola, T. M., Havelka, J., & Sharma, D. (2007). Emotional activation in the first and second language. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 10641076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229238.Google Scholar
Frings, C., Englert, J., Wentura, D., & Bermeitinger, C. (2010). Decomposing the Emotional Stroop effect. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 63, 4249.Google Scholar
Grainger, J., & Beauvillain, C. (1988). Associative priming in bilinguals: Some limits of interlingual facilitation effects. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 42, 261−273.Google Scholar
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 14641480.Google Scholar
Harris, C. L. (2004). Bilingual speakers in the lab: Psychophysiological measures of emotional reactivity. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 25, 223247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, C. L., Ayçiçeği, A., & Gleason, J. B. (2003). Taboo words and reprimands elicit greater autonomic reactivity in a first than in a second language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 4, 561578.Google Scholar
Harris, C. L., Gleason, J. B., & Ayçiçeği, A. (2005). When is a first language more emotional? Psychophysiological evidence from bilingual speakers. In Pavlenko, A. (ed.), Bilingual minds: Emotional experience, expression, and representation, pp. 257283. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Inquisit, , 1.33 (2003). [Computer software.] Seattle, WA: Millisecond Software.Google Scholar
Isel, F., & Bacri, N. (1999). Spoken word recognition: The access to embedded words. Brain and Language, 68, 6167.Google Scholar
Klauer, K. C., & Musch, J. (2003). Affective priming: Findings and theories. In Musch, J. & Klauer, K. C. (eds.), The psychology of evaluation: Affective processes in cognition and emotion, pp. 749. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Kroll, J. F., & Stewart, E. (1994). Category interference in translation and picture naming: Evidence for asymmetric connections between bilingual memory representations. Journal of Memory and Language, 33, 149174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leleu, S. (1987). Un Atlas sémantique de concepts d'émotion: Normes et validation [A semantic atlas of emotional concepts: Norms and validation]. Unpublished master's thesis (Mémoire de licence en psychologie), Catholic University of Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.Google Scholar
Masson, M. E. J. (1995). A distributed memory model of semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 323.Google Scholar
McNamara, T. P. (2005). Semantic priming: Perspectives from memory and word recognition. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Moors, A., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Automaticity: A theoretical and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 297326.Google Scholar
Neely, J. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In Besner, D. & Humphreys, G. (eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition, pp. 264336. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
New, B., Pallier, C., Brysbaert, M., & Ferrand, L. (2004) Lexique 2: A new French lexical database. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36 (3), 516524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pavlenko, A. (2005). Emotions and bilingualism. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Phaf, R. H., & Kan, K.-J. (2007). The automaticity of emotional Stroop: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 184199.Google Scholar
Segalowitz, N., Trofimovich, P., Gatbonton, E., & Sokolovskaya, A. (2008). Feeling affect in a second language. The role of word recognition automaticity. The Mental Lexicon, 3, 4771.Google Scholar
Sutton, T. M., Altarriba, J., Gianico, J. L., & Basnight-Brown, D. M. (2007). The automatic access of emotion: Emotional Stroop effects in Spanish–English bilingual speakers. Cognition and Emotion, 21, 10771090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Wentura, D., & Degner, J. (2010). Practical guide to sequential priming and related tasks. In Gawronski, B. & Payne, B. K. (eds.), Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications, pp. 95116. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Williams, J. M. G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 324.Google Scholar