Shapiro (1961) devised a scaling method based on pair comparisons to overcome the problems associated with numerical rating scales. Phillips (1963, 1966, 1970, 1977, 1979) developed the theory underlying Shapiro's method and extended it to increase the precision of measurement. In this paper we present a simpler justification of the Shapiro–Phillips method and propose improvements by sequentializing the presentation of pair comparisons. In this way, the total number of comparisons can be reduced to correspond with an acceptable level of reliability. Responses are recorded graphically producing an instant score and reliability check. Some possible generalizations are discussed.

A test instrument is presented which utilises role-play techniques to assess parenting skills in terms of behaviour modification techniques. The validity of the test is confirmed by its ability to measure established parenting skills as well as those acquired in a parent training exercise. The test should prove to be particularly useful in evaluating parent training programmes.

Twenty-four moderately asphasic stroke patients attending a rehabilitation centre were treated for 4 weeks with speech therapy and for 4 weeks with either an operant training procedure, based on that devised by Goodkin (1966), or an attention placebo non-specific treatment. Speech therapy was given first to half the patients, while a quarter received operant training first and a quarter non-specific treatment. Results indicated no significant differences between the treatments. These treated patients were also compared in improvements in language abilities with nine moderately aphasic patients from hospitals with very limited speech therapy services. No significant differences between “treated” and “untreated” groups were found over a 4-week period. All groups of patients, however, showed some significant improvements in language abilities.

Marks (1981) recently argued that behavioural psychotherapy had few practical, theoretical or historical links with theoretical and experimental psychology. This paper attempts to elaborate some of Wilson's (1981) arguments against this view and cites some additional British evidence in support of these arguments. Wilson's consideration of the issue of service delivery appears unsatisfactory and the suggestion is made that behavioural psychotherapy be taken out of the medical arena and placed within a rationalized therapeutic service independent of the present medical–sychological–social work structures.

Blepharospasm is a distressing condition, characterized by a repetitive and spasmodic closing of the eyes, and/or an inability to open the eyes after blinking. The aetiology of the disorder remains obscure. The available literature tends towards viewing the condition as arising from or associated with neuropathological processes. Two cases of blepharospasm are presented here. Both were managed along purely behavioural lines, using massed practice and relaxation techniques. The results obtained strongly suggest a learning model, rather than a neuropathological model may best explain the condition. Possible mechanisms for the development and maintenance of blepharospasm are discussed.