Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T00:21:08.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Treatment of a Snake Phobia by Imaginal Exposure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2009

David A. Richards
Affiliation:
St. George's Hospital, Morpeth, Northumberland

Abstract

A severe phobia of snakes was treated by exposure in imagination, no in vivo exposure taking place. Imaginal exposure homework was given with the aid of audio-tapes of the treatment sessions. After treatment, in a behavioural test, the client experienced rapid habituation of anxiety to handling a live snake. The total amount of time taken for the treatment was similar to the time taken in treating other small animal phobics by in vivo exposure alone. It is suggested that for specific phobics the use of imaginal rehearsal prior to in vivo exposure may optimise the conditions under which in vivo exposure takes places and require no more of the therapist's time than the usual in vivo methods.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bandura, A., Blanchard, E. B. and Ritter, B. (1969). Relative efficacy of densensitization and modeling approaches for inducing behavioral, affective and attitudinal changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 13, 3, 173199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boudewyns, P. A. and Shipley, R. H. (1983). Flooding and Implosive Therapy. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambless, D. L., Foa, E. B., Groves, G. A. and Goldstein, A. J. (1982). Exposure and communications training in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy 20, 219231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowder, J. E. and Thornton, D. W. (1970). Effects of systematic desensitization, programmed fantasy and bibliotherapy on a specific fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy 8, 3541.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, D., McLemore, C. W. and London, P. (1970). The role of visual imagery in desensitization. Behaviour Research and Therapy 8, 1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1982). Anxiety and fear. In International Handbook of Behavior Modification and Therapy. Bellack, A. S.Hersen, M. and Kazdin, A. E. (eds), New York: Plenum Press, pp. 349395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Wessels, H. (1975). Flooding in imagination vs. flooding in vivo: a comparison with agoraphobics. Behaviour Research and Therapy 13, 715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
James, J. E. (1986). Review of the relative efficacy of imaginal and in vivo flooding in the treatment of clinical fear. Behavioural Psychotherapy 14, 183191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klorman, R., Weerts, T. C., Hastings, J. E., Melamed, B. C. and Lang, P. J. (1974). Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires. Behavior Therapy 5, 401409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, P. J. (1971). The application of psychophysiological methods to the study of psychotherapy and behavior change. In Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change: An Empirical Analysis, Bergin, A. E. and Garfield, S. L. (eds), New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Lang, P. J. (1983). The cognitive psychophysiology of emotion: fear and anxiety.Paper presented to the NIMH Conference on Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders held at the Sterling Forest Conference Centre,Tuxedo, New York onSeptember 12–14.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1981). Cure and Care of Neurosis. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M., Boulougouris, J. and Marset, P. (1971a). Flooding versus desensitization in the treatment of phobic patients: a crossover study. British Journal of Psychiatry 119, 353375.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M., Marset, P., Boulougouris, J. and Huson, J. (1971b). Physiological accompaniments of neutral and phobic imagery. Psychological Medicine 1, 299307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M., Hallam, R. S., Connolly, J. and Philpott, R. (1977). Nursing In Behavioural Psychotherapy. London: Royal College of Nursing.Google Scholar
Marks, I. M. and Mathews, A. M. (1979). Brief standard self rating for phobic patients. Behaviour Research and Therapy 17, 263267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M. et al. (1980). Clomipramine and exposure for compulsive rituals. British Journal of Psychiatry 136, 125.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, A. M., Johnston, D. W., Lancashire, M., Munby, M., Shaw, P. M. and Gelder, M. G. (1976). Imaginal flooding and exposure to real phobic situations: treatment outcome with agoraphobic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 129, 362371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rachman, S. and Hodgson, R. I. (1974). Synchrony and desynchrony in fear and avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy 12, 311318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stampfl, T. G. and Levis, D. J. (1967). Essentials of implosive therapy: a learning theory based psychodynamic behavioral therapy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72, 6, 496503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stern, R. and Marks, I. M. (1973). Brief and prolonged flooding. A comparison in agoraphobic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 28, 270276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, J. R., Gaind, R. and Marks, I. M. (1972). Physiological habituation to continuous phobic stimulation. Behaviour Research and Therapy 10, 269278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Watson, J. R., Mullett, G. E. and Pilay, H. (1973). The effects of prolonged exposure to phobic situations upon agoraphobic patients treated in groups. Behaviour Research and Therapy 11, 531545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wolpe, J. (1958). Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.