Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T05:42:04.495Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Stuff and Nonsense in the Treatment of Older People: Essential Reading for the Over-45s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2008

Ian Andrew James
Ian Andrew James*
Affiliation:
Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Trust, UK
*
Reprint requests to Ian Andrew James, Newcastle Challenging Behaviour Service, NTW NHS Trust, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

There is a lot of nonsense talked about how to adapt therapy for older people. This is because often authors fail to define the types of populations they are tailoring their therapy for. Such definitions are important with such a diverse patient group, some of whom were “in-service” during the first world war, while others were “doing drugs and dropping out” in the 1960s. To guide our thinking regarding specific adaptations, this paper presents a framework for clarifying therapeutic need. The second section of the paper illustrates ways in which working psychotherapeutically with older patients has helped inform mainstream CBT theory and practice, with particular reference to competence and schema work.

Keywords

Elderlypsychotherapyadaptationschemacompetence
Type
Client Group Applications
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 36 , Issue 6: Developments in the Theory and Practice of Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies , November 2008 , pp. 735 - 747
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ballard, C., O'Brien, J., Reichelt, K. and Perry, E. (2002). Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 553–558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartlett, F. J. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beck, C., Ortigara, A., Mercer, S. and Shue, V. (1999). Enabling and empowering certified nursing assistants for quality dementia care. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 197–212.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bird, M., Alexopoulos, P. and Adamowicz, J. (1995) Success and failure in five case studies: use of cued recall to ameliorate behaviour problems in senile dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10, 305–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, I.-M., James, I. A., Milne, D. L. and Reichelt, F. K. (2001). CTS-R: the revised scale for assessing competence in cognitive therapy (CTS-R). Unpublished manuscript, Centre Health of the Elderly, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK.Google Scholar
Bohlmeijer, E., Smit, F. and Cuipers, P. (2003). Effects of reminiscence and life review on late-life depression: a metal-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 1088–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braff, D. L. and Beck, A. T. (1974). Thinking disorder in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 456–459.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassens, G., Wolfe, L. and Zola, M. (1990). The neuropsychology of depressions. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2, 202–213.Google Scholar
Charlesworth, G. and Reichelt, F. K. (2004). Keeping conceptualizations simple: examples with family carers of people with dementia. Behaviour and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 32, 401–409.Google Scholar
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Werner, P., Culpepper, W. and Barkley, D. (1997). Evaluation of an in-service training programme on dementia and wandering. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 23, 40–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cole, K. and Vaughan, F. (2005). Brief cognitive behaviour therapy for depression associated with Parkinson's disease: a single case series. Behaviour and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dick, L., Gallagher-Thompson, D. and Thompson, L. (1996). Cognitive-behavioural therapy. In Woods, R. T. (Ed.), Handbook of the Clinical Psychology of Ageing. Chichester: Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R. and Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 2, 276–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1975). Life History and the Historical Moment. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Fossey, J., Ballard, C., Juszczak, E., James, I., Alder, N., Jacoby, R. and Howard, R. (2006). Effect of enhanced psychosocial care on antipsychotic use in nursing home residents with severe dementia: cluster randomised trial. Bristish Medical Journal, 332, 756–758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garner, J. (2008). Psychodynamic therapy. In Jacoby, R., Oppenheimer, C., Dening, T. and Thomas, A. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry (pp. 275–284). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gatz, M., Fiske, A., Fox, L., Kaskie, B., Kasi-Godley, J., McCallum, T. and Loebach Wetherell, J. (1998). Empirically validated psychological treatments for older adults. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 4, 9–46.Google Scholar
Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion: conceptualisations research and use in psychotherapy. London: Bunner-Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glantz, M. (1989). Cognitive therapy with the elderly. In Freeman, A., Beutler, S. K. and Arkowitz, H. (Eds.), Comprehensive Handbook of Cognitive Therapy. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Harper, S. (2008). Sociological approaches to age and ageing. In Jacoby, R., Oppenheimer, C., Dening, E. and Thomas, A. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry (pp. 17–32). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hartman-Stein, P. (2005). An impressive step in identifying evidence-based psychotherapies for geriatric depression. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 238–241.Google Scholar
Heason, S. (2005). Talking therapy as a psychological intervention for people with dementia: a literature review. PSIGE Newsletter, British Psychological Society, 89, 22–29.Google Scholar
Hepple, J., Wilkinson, P. and Pearce, J. (2002). Psychological therapies with older people. In Hepple, J., Pearce, J. and Wilkinson, P. (Eds.), Psychological Therapies with Older People. London: Brunner-Routledge.Google Scholar
Hinrichsen, G. A. and Clougherty, K. F. (2006). Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Older Adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, I. A. (2003). Older people's perspectives: implications for schema theory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 10, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, I. A. (2008). Schema therapy in older people. In Laidlaw, K. & Knight, B. (Eds.), Handbook of Emotional Disorders in Later Life: assessment and treatment. Oxford: Oxford University Press. PII(5).Google Scholar
James, I., Blackburn, I.-M. and Reichelt, F. K. (2001). Manual of the Revised Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS-R). Unpublished manuscript, available from Centre for the Health of the Elderly, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK.Google Scholar
James, I. A. and Fossey, J. (2008). Psychosocial interventions in care settings. In Jacoby, R. et al. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry (pp. 285–299). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
James, I. A., Kendell, K. and Reichelt, F. K. (1999). Conceptualizations of self-worth in older people. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27, 285–290.Google Scholar
James, I. A., Milne, D. and Morse, R. (2008). Micro-skills of clinical supervision: scaffolding skills. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly. 22 (1), 29–36.Google Scholar
James, I. A., Reichelt, F. K.Carlsonn, P. and McAnaney, A. (2008). Cognitive behaviour therapy and executive functioning in depression. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly. 22 (3), 210–218.Google Scholar
James, I. A., Reichelt, F. K., Freeston, M. and Barton, S. (2007). Schemas as memories: implications for treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 21, 51–57.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, T. B. and Rose, M. (1993). Evolution of senescence: late survival sacrificed for reproduction. Philosophical Transcripts of Royal Soc. London B, 332, 15–24.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, T. B. and Wolff, S. (1995). The biological basis of ageing. Age and Ageing, 24, 167–171.Google Scholar
Kneebone, I. (2006). Behavioural and cognitive therapies with older people: a selected biography. PSIGE Newsletter, British Psychological Society, 96, 46–49.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, K., Thompson, L., Dick-Siskin, L. and Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2003). Cognitive Therapy with Older People. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Lincoln, N. and Flannaghan, T. (2003). Cognitive behaviour therapy following stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Stroke, 34, 111–115.Google Scholar
Livingston, G., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Paton, J. and Lyketsos, C. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1996–2021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackin, R. S. and Arean, P. A. (2005). Evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions for geriatric depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 28, 805–820.Google Scholar
Mayou, R., Bass, C. and Sharpe, M. (1995). Treatment of Functional Somatic Symptoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moniz-Cook, E., Agar, S., Silver, M., Woods, R., Wang, M., Elston, C. and Win, T. (1998). Can staff training reduce carer stress and behavioural disturbance in the elderly mentally ill? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 149–158.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moorey, S. and Greer, S. (2002). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for People with Cancer. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
NICE: National Institute for Clinical Excellence (2006). Dementia: supporting people with dementia and their carers. Clinical Guideline 42 (www.nice.org.uk).Google Scholar
Orpwood, R. and Chadd, J. (2007). Exploring the use of technology to improve the quality of life of people with dementia. Les Cahiers de la Fondation Médéric Alzheimer, 3, 84–91.Google Scholar
Pinquart, M. and Sorensen, S. (2001). How effective are psychotherapeutic and other psychosocial interventions with older adults? A meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Health Aging, 7, 207–243.Google Scholar
PRB (2006). World Population Data Sheet 2006. Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau.Google Scholar
Qualls, S. H. (1999). Family therapy with older clients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 977–990.3.0.CO;2-F>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scogin, F., Welsh, D., Hamson, A., Stump, J. and Coates, A. (2005). Evidence based psychotherapies for depression in older adults. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 222–237.Google Scholar
Spector, A., Thorgrimsen, L., Woods, B., Royan, L., Davies, S., Butterworth, M. and Orrell, M. (2003). Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 248–254.Google Scholar
Staudinger, U. (2000). Many reasons speak against it, yet many people feel good: the paradox of subjective well-being. Psychogische Rundschau, 51, 185–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spira, A. and Edelstein, B. (2006). Behavioral interventions for agitation in older adults with dementia: an evaluative review. International Psychogeriatrics, 18, 195–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teri, L. and Gallagher-Thompson, D. (1991). Cognitive-behavioural interventions for treatment of depression in Alzheimer's patients. Gerontologist, 31, 413–416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verkaik, R., van Weert, J. and Francke, A. (2005). The effects of psychosocial methods on depressed, aggressive and apathetic behaviours of people with dementia: a systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 301–314.Google Scholar
Walker, D. A. and Clarke, M. (2001). Cognitive behavioural psychotherapy: a comparison between younger and older adults in two inner city mental health teams. Aging and Mental Health, 5, 197–199.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, P. (2008). Psychological treatments. In Jacoby, R., Oppenheimer, C., Dening, T. and Thomas, A. (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Old Age Psychiatry (pp. 241–247). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wood-Mitchell, A., Mackenzie, L., Stephenson, M. and James, I. A. (2007). Treating challenging behaviour in care settings: audit of a community service using the neuropsychiatric inventory. PSIGE Newsletter, British Psychological Society, 101, 19–23.Google Scholar
Zalaquett, C. P. and Stens, A. (2006). Psychosocial treatments for major depression and dysthymia in older adults: a review of the research literature. Journal of Counselling Development, 84, 192–201.Google Scholar
Zarit, S. and Knight, B. (1996). A Guide to Psychotherapy and Aging. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.