Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T13:07:54.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

How Does Cognitive Bias Modification Affect Anxiety? Mediation Analyses and Experimental Data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2009

Elske Salemink ,
Marcel van den Hout  and
Merel Kindt
Elske Salemink*
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Marcel van den Hout
Affiliation:
Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Merel Kindt
Affiliation:
Amsterdam University, The Netherlands
*
Reprint requests to Elske Salemink, Department of Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam University, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: There is overwhelming evidence that anxiety is associated with the tendency to interpret information negatively. The causal relationship between this interpretive bias and anxiety has been examined by modifying interpretive bias and examining effects on anxiety. A crucial assumption is that the effect of the procedure on anxiety is mediated by change in interpretive bias rather than being a direct effect of the procedure. Surprisingly, this had not previously been tested. Aim: The aim is to test whether altered interpretive bias, following Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations (CBM-I), affected anxiety. Method: Mediational path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that changes in anxiety are due to changes in interpretive bias. A separate experiment was conducted to test which elements of the procedure could be responsible for a direct mood effect. Results: Results from mediation analyses suggested that changes in trait anxiety, after performing CBM-I, were indeed caused by an altered interpretive bias, whilst changes in state anxiety appear to be caused by the procedure itself. The subsequent experiment showed that state anxiety effects could be due to exposure to valenced materials. Conclusions: Changed state anxiety observed after CBM-I is not a valid indicator of a causal relationship. The finding that CBM-I affected interpretive bias, which in turn affected trait anxiety, supports the assumption of a causal relationship between interpretive bias and trait anxiety. This is promising in light of possible clinical implications.

Keywords

AnxietyCognitive Bias Modificationinterpretive bias
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 38 , Issue 1 , January 2010 , pp. 59 - 66
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beck, A. T. and Clark, D. A. (1988). Anxiety and depression: an information processing perspective. Anxiety Research, 1, 23–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman and Hall Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mackintosh, B., Mathews, A., Yiend, J., Ridgeway, V. and Cook, E. (2006). Induced biases in emotional interpretation influence stress vulnerability and endure despite changes in context. Behavior Therapy, 37, 209–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, A. and Mackintosh, B. (2000). Induced emotional interpretation bias and anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 602–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M. A. and Kindt, M. (2007a). Trained interpretive bias and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 329–340.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salemink, E., van den Hout, M. A. and Kindt, M. (2007b). Trained interpretive bias: validity and effects on anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 212–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R. and Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, E. J., Macleod, C., Mathews, A. and Rutherford, E. M. (2006). The causal role of interpretive bias in anxiety reactivity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 103–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yiend, J., Mackintosh, B. and Mathews, A. (2005). Enduring consequences of experimentally induced biases in interpretation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 779–797.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.