Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T04:43:15.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Self-Image on Anxiety, Judgement Bias and Emotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2018

Hannah Lee ,
Jung-Kwang Ahn Open the ORCID record for Jung-Kwang Ahn [Opens in a new window]  and
Jung-Hye Kwon
Hannah Lee
Affiliation:
Korea University
Jung-Kwang Ahn
Affiliation:
Korea University
Jung-Hye Kwon*
Affiliation:
Korea University
*
Corresponding author: Jung-Hye Kwon, Korea University. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Research to date has focused on the detrimental effects of negative self-images for individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), but the benefits of positive self-images have been neglected. Aims: The present study examined the effect of holding a positive versus negative self-image in mind on anxiety, judgement bias and emotion regulation (ER) in individuals with SAD. Method: Forty-two individuals who met the diagnostic criteria for SAD were randomly assigned to either a positive or a negative self-image group. Participants were assessed twice with a week's interval in between using the Reactivity and Regulation Situation Task, which measures social anxiety, discomfort, judgement bias and ER, prior to and after the inducement of a positive or negative self-image. Results: Individuals in the positive self-image group reported less social anxiety, discomfort and distress from social cost when compared with their pre-induction state. They also used more adaptive ER strategies and experienced less anxiety and discomfort after using ER. In contrast, individuals in the negative self-image group showed no significant differences in anxiety, judgement bias or ER strategies before and after the induction. Conclusions: This study highlights the beneficial effects of positive self-images on social anxiety and ER.

Keywords

social anxiety disorderself-imageryjudgement biasemotion regulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 81 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn). Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. and Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Blanchette, I. and Richards, A. (2010). The influence of affect on higher level cognition: a review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. Cognition and Emotion, 24, 561–595.Google Scholar
Carthy, T., Horesh, N., Apter, A. and Gross, J. J. (2010). Patterns of emotional reactivity and regulation in children with anxiety disorders. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 23–36.Google Scholar
Clark, D. M. and Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In Heimberg, R. G. (ed), Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Treatment (pp. 69–93). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Conway, M. A. and Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107, 261.Google Scholar
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. and Williams, J. B. W. (2002). Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, research version, non-patient edition. New York, NY: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., Perry, K. J. and Herbert, J. D. (1996). Cognitive biases in generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 433–439.Google Scholar
Goldin, P. R., Jazaieri, H., Ziv, M., Kraemer, H., Heimberg, R. G. and Gross, J. J. (2013). Changes in positive self-views mediate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 301–310.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224.Google Scholar
Hackmann, A., Surawy, C. and Clark, D. M. (1998). Seeing yourself through others’ eyes: a study of spontaneously occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26, 3–12.Google Scholar
Hirsch, C. R., Clark, D. M., Mathews, A. and Williams, R. (2003a). Self-images play a causal role in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 909–921.Google Scholar
Hirsch, C. R., Mathews, A., Clark, D. M., Williams, R. and Morrison, J. (2003b). Negative self-imagery blocks inferences. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 1383–1396.Google Scholar
Hirsch, C. R., Meynen, T. and Clark, D. M. (2004). Negative self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions. Memory, 12, 496–506.Google Scholar
Hofmann, S. G. (2004). Cognitive mediation of treatment change in social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72, 392–399Google Scholar
Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: a comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36, 193–209.Google Scholar
Hulme, N., Hirsch, C. and Stopa, L. (2012). Images of the self and self-esteem: do positive self-images improve self-esteem in social anxiety? Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 41, 163–173.Google Scholar
Kashdan, T. B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 348–365.Google Scholar
Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 371–375.Google Scholar
Lee, J. and Choi, C. (1997). A study of the reliability and the validity of the Korean versions of social phobia scales (K-SAD, K-FNE). The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 16, 251–264.Google Scholar
Lee, Y. and Song, J. (1991). A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, MMPI-D Scales. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 10, 98–113.Google Scholar
Makkar, S. R. and Grisham, J. R. (2011). Social anxiety and the effects of negative self-imagery on emotion, cognition, and post-event processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 654–664.Google Scholar
Ng, A. S., Abbott, M. J. and Hunt, C. (2014). The effect of self-imagery on symptoms and processes in social anxiety: a systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 620–633.Google Scholar
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Rapee, R. M. and Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741–756.Google Scholar
Rapee, R. M., Gaston, J. E. and Abbott, M. J. (2009). Testing the efficacy of theoretically derived improvements in the treatment of social phobia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 317–327.Google Scholar
Razali, N. M. and Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power comparisons of Shapiro–Wilk, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson–Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2, 21–33.Google Scholar
Shapiro, S. S. and Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52, 591–611.Google Scholar
Spokas, M., Luterek, J. A. and Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Social anxiety and emotional suppression: the mediating role of beliefs. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40, 283–291.Google Scholar
Stopa, L. and Jenkins, A. (2007). Images of the self in social anxiety: effects on the retrieval of autobiographical memories. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 459–473.Google Scholar
Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S. and Fresco, D. M. (2005). Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: a comparison with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 89–106.Google Scholar
Vassilopoulos, S. (2005). Social anxiety and the effects of engaging in mental imagery. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 261–277.Google Scholar
Watson, D. and Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33, 448–457.Google Scholar
Yoon, H. (2013). The effects of positive and negative self-imagery on the retrieval of autobiographical memories in social anxiety disorder. Recognition Behavior Therapy, 13, 107–131.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.