Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:07:19.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Same, Same But Different? Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Approaches for Paediatric CFS/ME and Depression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2017

M.E. Loades  and
T. Chalder
M.E. Loades*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY
T. Chalder
Affiliation:
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's CollegeLondon
*
Correspondence to M.E. Loades, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Approximately one in three children and young people with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME) also have probable depression. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has a growing evidence base as an effective treatment approach for CFS/ME and for depression in this population. Aims: Given the high degree of co-morbidity, this discussion paper aims to compare and contrast CBT for CFS/ME and CBT for depression in children and young people. Method: The existing literature on CBT for depression and CBT for CFS/ME, in relation to children and young people was reviewed. Results: Whilst there are commonalities to both treatments, the cognitive behavioural model of CFS/ME maintenance includes different factors and has a different emphasis to the cognitive behavioural model of depression, resulting in different intervention targets and strategies in a different sequence. Conclusions: A collaborative, formulation-driven approach to intervention should inform the intervention targets and treatment strategies.

Keywords

CBTCFS/MEdepressionmoodpaediatric
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 45 , Issue 4 , July 2017 , pp. 366 - 381
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. and Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Haggar, M. S., Al-Naggar, Z. A. and Abdel-Salam, M. A. (2006). Biofeedback and cognitive behavioral therapy for Egyptian adolescents suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Pediatric Neurology, 4, 161.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Baylis, P. J., Collins, D. and Coleman, H. (2011). Child alliance process theory: a qualitative study of a child centred therapeutic alliance. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 28, 79–95. doi:10.1007/s10560-011-0224-2 Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Bould, H., Collin, S. M., Lewis, G., Rimes, K. A. and Crawley, E. (2013). Depression in paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 98, 425–428. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2012-303396 Google Scholar
Browne, T. and Chalder, T. (2006). Chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatry, 5, 48–51. doi: https://doi.org/10.1383/psyt.2006.5.2.48 Google Scholar
Burgess, M. and Chalder, T. (2004). PACE manual for therapists. Cognitive behaviour therapy for CFS/ME. http://www.wolfson.qmul.ac.uk/images/pdfs/3.cbt-therapist-manual.pdf (accessed September 2016).Google Scholar
Butler, S., Chalder, T., Ron, M. and Wessely, S. (1991). Cognitive behaviour therapy in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 54, 153–158.Google Scholar
Chalder, T., Deary, V., Husain, K. and Walwyn, R. (2010). Family-focused cognitive behaviour therapy versus psycho-education for chronic fatigue syndrome in 11- to 18-year-olds: a randomized controlled treatment trial. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1269–1279. doi: 10.1017/S003329170999153X Google Scholar
Chalder, T., Goldsmith, K. A., White, P. D., Sharpe, M. and Pickles, A. R. (2015). Rehabilitative therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome: a secondary mediation analysis of the PACE trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2, 141–152. doi: 10.1016/s2215-0366(14)00069-8 Google Scholar
Chalder, T., Power, M. and Wessely, S. (1996). Chronic fatigue in the community: ‘a question of attribution’. Psychological Medicine, 26, 791–800.Google Scholar
Chalder, T., Tong, J. and Deary, V. (2002). Family cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: an uncontrolled study. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 86, 95–97.Google Scholar
Cuijpers, P., van Straten, A. and Warmerdam, L. (2007). Behavioral activation treatments of depression: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 318–326.Google Scholar
Darbishire, L., Ridsdale, L. and Seed, P.T. (2003). Distinguishing patients with chronic fatigue from those with chronic fatigue syndrome: a diagnostic study in UK primary care. The British Journal of General Practice, 53, 441–445.Google Scholar
Emslie, G. J., Mayes, T., Porta, G., Vitiello, B., Clarke, G., Wagner, K. D. et al. (2010). Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 782–791. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09040552 Google Scholar
Fennell, M. J. V. (1997). Low self-esteem: a cognitive perspective. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 1–26. doi: 10.1017/S1352465800015368 Google Scholar
Fernie, B. A., Maher‐Edwards, L., Murphy, G., Nikčević, A. V. and Spada, M. M. (2015). The metacognitions about symptoms control scale: development and concurrent validity. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 22, 443–449.Google Scholar
Flo, E. and Chalder, T. (2014). Prevalence and predictors of recovery from chronic fatigue syndrome in a routine clinical practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.013 Google Scholar
Fombonne, E., Wostear, G., Cooper, V., Harrington, R. and Rutter, M. (2001). The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 1. Psychiatric outcomes in adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 210–217.Google Scholar
Fuggle, P., Dunsmuir, S. and Curry, V. (2013). CBT with Children, Young People and Families. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Garralda, M. E. (1992). Severe chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood: a discussion of psychopathological mechanisms. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1, 111–118. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02091794 Google Scholar
Gordon, B. A., Knapman, L. M. and Lubitz, L. (2010). Graduated exercise training and progressive resistance training in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24, 1072–1079. doi: 10.1177/0269215510371429 Google Scholar
Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G. R., Fisher, C. A., Bhar, S. S., Rice, S. M., Davey, C. G. and Parker, A. G. (2015). Back to basics: could behavioural therapy be a good treatment option for youth depression? A critical review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 9, 93–99. doi: 10.1111/eip.12142 Google Scholar
Hughes, A., Hirsch, C., Chalder, T. and Moss-Morris, R. (2016). Attentional and interpretive bias towards illness-related information in chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. British Journal of Health Psychology, 21, 741–763. doi: 10.1111/bjhp.12207 Google Scholar
Johnsen, T. J. and Friborg, O. (2015). The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy as an anti-depressive treatment is falling: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 141, 747.Google Scholar
Jordan, K. M., Landis, D. A., Downey, M. C., Osterman, S. L., Thurm, A. E. and Jason, L. A. (1998). Chronic fatigue syndrome in children and adolescents: a review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 22, 4–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X%2897%2900212-7 Google Scholar
Kawatani, J., Mizuno, K., Shiraishi, S., Takao, M., Joudoi, T., Fukuda, S. et al. (2011). Cognitive dysfunction and mental fatigue in childhood chronic fatigue syndrome – a 6-month follow-up study. Brain and Development, 33, 832–841. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2010.12.009 Google Scholar
Kempke, S., Goossens, L., Luyten, P., Bekaert, P., Van Houdenhove, B. and Van Wambeke, P. (2010). Predictors of outcome in a multi-component treatment program for chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Affective Disorders, 126, 174–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.073 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoop, J. A. and Bleijenberg, G. (2010). Het chronisch vermoeidheidssyndroom: Behandelprotocol cognitieve gedragstherapie voor CVS: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum.Google Scholar
Lejuez, C., Hopko, D. R., Acierno, R., Daughters, S. B. and Pagoto, S. L. (2011). Ten year revision of the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression: revised treatment manual. Behavior Modification, 35, 111–161.Google Scholar
Lewinsohn, P. M. and Graf, M. (1973). Pleasant activities and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 261.Google Scholar
Lloyd, S., Chalder, T. and Rimes, K. A. (2012). Family-focused cognitive behaviour therapy versus psycho-education for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: long-term follow-up of an RCT. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 719–725. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.005 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loades, M. (2015). The cognitive behavioral treatment of depression and low self‐esteem in the context of pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME): a case study. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 28, 165–174.Google Scholar
Loades, M. E., Sheils, E. A. and Crawley, E. (2016). Treatment for paediatric chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) and comorbid depression: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 6, e012271. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012271 Google Scholar
Mackenzie, C. and Wray, A. (2013). Chronic fatigue syndrome in children and young people. Paediatrics and Child Health, 23, 35–39. doi: 10.1016/j.paed.2012.10.001 Google Scholar
Maher-Edwards, L., Fernie, B. A., Murphy, G., Wells, A. and Spada, M. M. (2011). Metacognitions and negative emotions as predictors of symptom severity in chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70, 311–317.Google Scholar
Maher‐Edwards, L., Fernie, B. A., Murphy, G., Nikcevic, A. V. and Spada, M. M. (2012). Metacognitive factors in chronic fatigue syndrome. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19, 552–557.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Y., Matsui, T., Kataoka, K., Fukada, R., Fukuda, S., Kuratsune, H. et al. (2009). A two-year follow-up study of chronic fatigue syndrome comorbid with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 63, 365–373. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01954.x Google Scholar
Moss-Morris, R. and Petrie, K. J. (2001). Discriminating between chronic fatigue syndrome and depression: a cognitive analysis. Psychological Medicine, 31, 469–479.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2005). Depression in children and young people: Identification and management in primary, community and secondary care. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg28 Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2007). Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy): Diagnosis and management of CFS/ME in adults and children. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg53 Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) (2015). Depression in children and young people: Psychological interventions for mild depression and pharmacological interventions for moderate to severe depression (update). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg28 Google Scholar
Nijhof, S. L., Bleijenberg, G., Uiterwaal, C. S., Kimpen, J. L. and van de Putte, E. M. (2012). Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioural treatment for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (FITNET): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 379, 1412–1418.Google Scholar
Pass, L., Brisco, G. and Reynolds, S. (2015). Adapting brief Behavioural Activation (BA) for adolescent depression: a case example. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 8. doi: 10.1017/s1754470x15000446 Google Scholar
Pass, L., Whitney, H. and Reynolds, S. (2016). Brief behavioral activation for adolescent depression: working with complexity and risk. Clinical Case Studies, 15, 360–375. doi: 10.1177/1534650116645402 Google Scholar
Piet, J. and Hougaard, E. (2011). The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 1032–1040.Google Scholar
Prins, J., Bleuenberg, G., Rouweler, E. K. and Van der Meer, J. W. (2005). Effect of psychiatric disorders on outcome of cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 184–185.Google Scholar
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) (2004). Evidence Based Guideline for the Management of CFS/ME (Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalopathy) in Children and Young People. Available at: http://www.rcpch.ac.uk/rcpch-guidelines-and-standards-clinical-practice#cfs-me (last accessed February 2017).Google Scholar
Rimes, K., Ashcroft, J., Bryan, L. and Chalder, T. (2016). Emotional suppression in chronic fatigue syndrome: experimental study. Health Psychology, 35, 979–986. doi: 10.1037/hea0000341 Google Scholar
Rimes, K. and Chalder, T. (2010). The Beliefs about Emotions Scale: validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68, 285–292. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.09.014 Google Scholar
Rimes, K. and Chalder, T. (2015). Overcoming Chronic Fatigue in Young People: A Cognitive-Behavioural Self-Help Guide. Routledge.Google Scholar
Rimes, K., Goodman, R., Hotopf, M., Wessely, S., Meltzer, H. and Chalder, T. (2007). Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a prospective community study. Pediatrics, 119, e603–609. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2231 Google Scholar
Rimes, K. and Wingrove, J. (2013). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with chronic fatigue syndrome still experiencing excessive fatigue after cognitive behaviour therapy: a pilot randomized study. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20, 107–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.793 Google Scholar
Rimes, K., Wingrove, J., Moss-Morris, R. and Chalder, T. (2014). Competences required for the delivery of high and low-intensity cognitive behavioural interventions for chronic fatigue, chronic fatigue syndrome/ME and irritable bowel syndrome. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42, 760–764. doi: 10.1017/S1352465814000290 Google Scholar
Roberts, E., Wessely, S., Chalder, T., Chang, C.-K. and Hotopf, M. (2016). Mortality of people with chronic fatigue syndrome: a retrospective cohort study in England and Wales from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) Register. The Lancet, 387, 1638–1643. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01223-4 Google Scholar
Schreurs, K. M. G., Veehof, M. M., Passade, L. and Vollenbroek-Hutten, M. M. R. (2011). Cognitive behavioural treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome in a rehabilitation setting: Effectiveness and predictors of outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 908–913. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.09.004 Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. WH Freeman, Times Books, Henry Holt and Co.Google Scholar
Smith, M. S., Martin-Herz, S. P., Womack, W. M. and Marsigan, J. L. (2003). Comparative study of anxiety, depression, somatization, functional disability, and illness attribution in adolescents with chronic fatigue or migraine. Pediatrics, 111, e376–381.Google Scholar
Stallard, P. (2005). A Clinician's Guide to Think Good Feel Good: the Use of CBT with Children and Young People. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Stulemeijer, M., de Jong, L. W., Fiselier, T. J., Hoogveld, S. W. and Bleijenberg, G. (2005). Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 330, 14. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38301.587106.63 Google Scholar
Surawy, C., Hackmann, A., Hawton, K. and Sharpe, M. (1995). Chronic fatigue syndrome: a cognitive approach. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 535–544. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00077-W Google Scholar
Taylor, A., Loades, M., Brigden, A., Collin, S. and Crawley, E. (2016). ‘It's personal to me’: A qualitative study of depression in young people with CFS/ME. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. doi: 10.1177/1359104516672507 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ter Wolbeek, M., van Doornen, L. J., Kavelaars, A. and Heijnen, C. J. (2008). Predictors of persistent and new-onset fatigue in adolescent girls. Pediatrics, 121, e449–457. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1093 Google Scholar
Tummers, M., Knoop, H., Van Dam, A. and Bleijenberg, G. (2013). Moderators of the treatment response to guided self-instruction for chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 74, 373–377. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.01.007 Google Scholar
Veale, D. (2008). Behavioural activation for depression. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 14, 29–36. doi: 10.1192/apt.bp.107.004051 Google Scholar
Verduyn, C., Rogers, J. and Wood, A. (2009). Depression: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Children and Young People. Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Walford, G. A., Nelson, W. M. and McCluskey, D. R. (1993). Fatigue, depression, and social adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 68, 384–388.Google Scholar
Wearden, A. J., Dunn, G., Dowrick, C. and Morriss, R. K. (2012). Depressive symptoms and pragmatic rehabilitation for chronic fatigue syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 201, 227–232. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.107474 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, P. D. and Naish, V. A. (2001). Graded exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Physiotherapy, 87 (6), 285–288.Google Scholar
White, P. D., Thomas, J. M., Kangro, H. O., Bruce-Jones, W. D., Amess, J., Crawford, D. H. et al. (2001). Predictions and associations of fatigue syndromes and mood disorders that occur after infectious mononucleosis. The Lancet, 358, 1946–1954.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Available at: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf (last accessed February 2017).Google Scholar
Worm-Smeitink, M., Nikolaus, S., Goldsmith, K., Wiborg, J., Ali, S., Knoop, H. and Chalder, T. (2016). Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: differences in treatment outcome between a tertiary treatment centre in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 87, 43–49. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.06.006 Google Scholar
Zhou, X., Michael, K. D., Liu, Y., Del Giovane, C., Qin, B., Cohen, D. et al. (2014). Systematic review of management for treatment-resistant depression in adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 340. doi: 10.1186/s12888-014-0340-6 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.