Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T01:13:17.789Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Further Support for Responsibility in Different Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Turkish Adolescents and Young Adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2008

Orçun Yorulmaz*
Affiliation:
Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
Müjgan Altın
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
A. Nuray Karancı
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
*
Reprint requests to Orçun Yorulmaz, Department of Psychology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

According to the cognitive model, an inflated sense of responsibility is an important cognitive mediator both in the development and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Empirical findings assign differential roles to responsibility in different kinds of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. However, findings that suggested a different function for responsibility revealed the need for an operational definition of responsibility and its multi-factorial structure. Few studies have examined the role of responsibility in OC symptoms in adolescents. The present study therefore aimed to explore responsibility concerns and to evaluate the relationship between responsibility dimensions and obsessive-compulsive symptom subgroups in two samples of adolescents and university students in a developing non-Western country. The findings suggested that the Responsibility Attitude Scale had a bifactorial structure, responsibility being based on self-dangerousness and prevention. Adolescents reported more responsibility in prevention and self-dangerousness than university students. The results appear to contribute to the symptom differentiation of OC behaviour by highlighting the importance of both dimensions of responsibility for checking symptoms, responsibility based on danger prevention for cleaning and, finally, responsibility based on self-dangerousness for obsessive thinking. Replication with clinical samples and different methodologies are encouraged.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, U., Maina, G. and Bogetto, F. (2000). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and triggering life events. European Journal of Psychiatry, 14 180188.Google Scholar
Altın, M., Yorulmaz, O. and Karancı, A. N. (2004). Inflated Responsibility and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology in Different Samples. Presentation in the XIII. National Psychology Congress, Ankara/Turkey.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Barrett, P. and Healy, L. (2003). An examination of the cognitive processes involved in childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41 285299.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Steer, B. F. and Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8 77100.Google Scholar
Burns, G. L., Formea, G. M., Keortge, S. and Sternberger, L. G. (1995). The utilization of nonpatient samples in the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33 133144.Google Scholar
Clark, D. A. and Purdon, C. L. (1995). The assessment of unwanted intrusive thoughts: a review and critique of the literature. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33 967976.Google Scholar
Compas, B. E., Howell, P. C., Phares, V., Williams, R. A. and Guinta, C. T. (1989). Risk factors for emotional/behavioral problems in young adolescents: a prospective analysis of adolescent and parental stress and symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57 732740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cougle, J. R., Lee, H. J. and Salkovskis, P. (2007). Are responsibility beliefs inflated in non-checking OCD patients? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21 153159.Google Scholar
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. and Aaardema, A. (1999). Metacognition, specific obsessive-compulsive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive behavior. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 6 139145.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erol, N. and Savaşır, I. (1988). Maudsley Obsesif Kompulsif Soru Listesi'nin Türkiye uyarlaması. (Adaptation of Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory into Turkish). CIBA-GEIGY Yayınları, İstanbul.Google Scholar
Flament, M. F., Whitaker, A., Rapoport, J. L., Davies, M., Berg, C. Z., Kalikow, K., Sceery, W. and Schaffer, D. (1988). Obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescence: an epidemiological study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 27 764771.Google Scholar
Foa, E. B., Sacks, M. B., Tolin, D. F., Preworski, A. and Amir, N. (2002). Inflated perception of responsibility for harm in OCD patients with and without checking compulsions: a replication and extension. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 443453.Google Scholar
Fontenelle, L. F., Mendlowicz, M. V., Marques, C. and Versiani, M. (2004). Trans-cultural aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a description of a Brazilian sample and a systematic review of international clinical studies. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38 403411.Google Scholar
Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Thibodeau, N. and Gagnon, F. (1992). Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population. II. Associations with depressive, anxious and compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30 263271.Google Scholar
Frost, R. O., Steketee, G., Cohn, L. and Griess, K. (1994). Personality traits in subclinical and non-obsessive-compulsive volunteers and their parents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32 4756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghassemzadeh, H., Bolhari, J., Birashk, B. and Salavati, M. (2005). Responsibility attitude in a sample of Iranian obsessive-compulsive patients. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 51 1322.Google Scholar
Hisli, N. (1989). Beck Depresyon Envanteri'nin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliliği, güvenilirliği [Reliability and validity of Beck Depression Inventory for university students]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychology], 23 313.Google Scholar
Koçkar, A. I. and Gençöz, T. (2004). Personality, social support, and anxiety among adolescents preparing for university entrance examinations in Turkey. Current Psychology: Development, Learning, Personality, Social, 23 138146.Google Scholar
Ladouceur, R., Rheaume, J. and Aublet, F. (1997). Excessive responsibility in obsessional concerns: a fine-grained experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35 423427.Google Scholar
Libby, S., Reynolds, S., Derisley, J. and Clark, S. (2004). Cognitive appraisals in young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45 10761084.Google Scholar
Lopatka, C. and Rachman, S. (1995). Perceived responsibility and compulsive checking: an experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 673684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maina, G., Albert, U., Bogetto, F., Vashetto, P. and Ravizza, L. (1999). Recent life events and obsessive-compulsive disorder: the role of pregnancy/delivery. Psychiatry Research, 89 4958.Google Scholar
Mancini, F., Gragnani, A., Orazi, F. and Pietrangeli, M. G. (1999). Obsessions and compulsions: normative data on the Padua Inventory from an Italian non-clinical adolescent sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37 (10), 919925.Google Scholar
Mancini, F., D'Olimpio, F. and D'Ercole, S. (2001). Responsibility attitudes, obsession and compulsion: further support in a non-clinical sample. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 8 274281.Google Scholar
Mather, A. and Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). Cognitive predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescence: a preliminary investigation. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33 743749.Google Scholar
Matthews, L., Reynolds, S. and Dersley, J. (2007). Examining cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adolescents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37 149163.Google Scholar
McKay, D., Abramowitz, J. S., Calamari, J. E., Kyrios, M., Radomsky, A., Sookman, D., Taylor, S. and Wilhelm, S. (2004). A critical evaluation of obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: symptoms versus mechanisms. Clinical Psychology Review, 24 283313.Google Scholar
McKeon, J., Roa, B. and Mann, A. (1984). Life events and personality traits in obsessive-compulsive neurosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144 185189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neziroglu, F., Anemone, R. and Yaryura-Tobias, J. A. (1992). Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149 947950.Google Scholar
Obsessive-Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35 667681.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Öner, N. and Le Comte, A. (1985). Durumluluk-Süreklilik Kaygı Envanteri elkiatbı. (Turkish Manual of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). İstanbul: B.Ü. Yayınları.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (1997). A cognitive theory of obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35 793802.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (1998). A cognitive theory of obsessions: elaborations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36 385401.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. (2002). A cognitive theory of compulsive checking. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40 625639.Google Scholar
Rachman, S. and Hodgson, R. J. (1980). Obsessions and Compulsions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Rachman, S., Thordarson, D. S., Shafran, R. and Woody, S. R. (1995). Perceived responsibility: structure and significance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33 779784.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, S. A. and Eisen, J. L. (1990). Epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51 1013.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, S. A. and Tsuang, M. (1986). Clinical characteristics and family history in DSM-III obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143 317322.Google Scholar
Rheaume, J., Ladouceur, R., Freeston, M. H. and Letarte, H. (1995). Inflated responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: validation of an operational definition. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35 159169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: a cognitive behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23 571583.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M. (1989). Cognitive-behavioral factors and the persistence of intrusive thoughts in obsessional problems. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27 677682.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M. (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37 Supp. 1, 2952.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, P. M., Wroe, A. L., Gledhill, A., Morrison, N., Forrester, E., Richards, C., Reynolds, M. and Thorpe, S. (2000). Responsibility attitudes and interpretations are characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38 347372.Google Scholar
Shafran, R. (1997). The manipulation of responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36 397407.Google Scholar
Shafran, R. and Somers, J. (1998). Treating adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: applications of cognitive theory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36 9397.Google Scholar
Sica, C., Novara, C. and Sanavio, E. (2002). Religiousness and obsessive-compulsive cognitions and symptoms in an Italian population. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40 813823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smari, J., Glyfadottir, T. and Halldorsdottir, G. L. (2003). Responsibility attitudes and different types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a student population. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31 4551.Google Scholar
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. and Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. California: Con Psychologist Press.Google Scholar
Stekeete, G., Frost, R. O. and Cohen, I. (1998). Beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12 525537.Google Scholar
Turner, C. M. (2006). Cognitive-behavioural theory and therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology Review, 26 912938.Google Scholar
Van de Vijver, F. and Leung, K. (1997). Methods and Data Analysis for Cross-Cultural Research. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Van Oppen, P. and Arntz, A. (1994). Cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32 7987.Google Scholar
Weismann, M. M., Bland, R. C., Canino, G. J., Greenwald, S., Hwu, H. G., Lee, C. K., Newman, S. C., Oakley-Browne, M. A., Rubio-Stipec, M. and Wickramaratne, P. J. (1994). The cross natural epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55 Suppl. 3, 510.Google Scholar
Yorulmaz, O., Karancı, A. N. and Tekok-Kılıç, A. (2002). Inflated Responsibility in Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomatology. Presentation at the XII National Psychology Congress, Ankara, Turkey.Google Scholar
Yorulmaz, O., Karancı, A. N. and Tekok-Kılıç, A. (2006). What are the roles of responsibility and perfectionism in checking and cleaning symptoms? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20 312327.Google Scholar
Yorulmaz, O., Yılmaz, A. E. and Gençöz, T. (2004). Psychometric properties of the Thought-Action Fusion Scale in a Turkish sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42 12031214.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.