Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T02:23:37.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The development of a theoretically derived measure exploring extreme appraisals of sleep in bipolar disorder: a Delphi study with professionals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2020

Lydia Pearson Open the ORCID record for Lydia Pearson [Opens in a new window] ,
Sophie Parker  and
Warren Mansell
Lydia Pearson*
Affiliation:
School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, Manchester, UK
Sophie Parker
Affiliation:
School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Prestwich, Manchester, UK
Warren Mansell
Affiliation:
School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

Sleep and mood are known to be linked and this is particularly evident in people with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD). It has been proposed that psychological interventions improving sleep can be a pathway for improving mood. In order for a psychological sleep intervention to be appropriate, the common cognitive processes maintaining the range of sleep disturbances need to be investigated.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore and identify expert consensus on positive and negative sleep appraisals in the context of low and high mood states, using the Integrative Cognitive Model as a theoretical guide.

Method:

A Delphi approach was utilized to allow clinical and research professionals, with experience in the field of BD, to be anonymously consulted about their views on sleep appraisals. These experts were invited to participate in up to three rounds of producing and rating statements that represented positive and negative sleep appraisals.

Results:

A total of 38 statements were developed and rated, resulting in a final list of 19 statements that were rated as ‘essential’ or ‘important’ by >80% of the participants. These statements represent the full range of extreme sleep appraisals this study had set out to explore, confirming the importance of better understanding and identifying positive and negative sleep cognitions in the context of high and low mood.

Conclusion:

The statements reviewed in this study will be used to inform the development of a sleep cognition measure that may be useful in cognitive therapy addressing sleep disturbances experienced along the bipolar spectrum.

Keywords

bipolar disordercircadiancognitive appraisalscognitive therapyhypersomniainsomniamood swingsreduced need for sleep
Type
Main
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 48 , Issue 4 , July 2020 , pp. 395 - 407
Copyright
© British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abreu, T., & Braganca, M. (2015). The bipolarity of light and dark: a review on bipolar disorder and circadian cycles. Journal of Affective Disorders, 185, 219–229. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.07.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Altshuler, L. L., Post, R. M., Black, D. O., Keck, P. E. Jr, Nolen, W. A., Frye, M. A., … & Mintz, J. (2006). Subsyndromal depressive symptoms are associated with functional impairment in patients with bipolar disorder: results of a large, multisite study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 1551–1560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alvaro, P. K., Roberts, R. M., & Harris, J. K. (2013). A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep, 36, 1059–1068. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2810CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Arlington, VA, USA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Ankers, D., & Jones, S. H. (2009). Objective assessment of circadian activity and sleep patterns in individuals at behavioural risk of hypomania. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 1071–1086. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20608CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quinonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149Google Scholar
Boland, E. M., Stange, J. P., Molz Adams, A., LaBelle, D. R., Ong, M. L., Hamilton, J. L., … & Alloy, L. B. (2015). Associations between sleep disturbance, cognitive functioning and work disability in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 230, 567–574. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.09.051CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, M. C., Meier, A., Carr, C., Enga, Z., James, A. S., Reedy, J., & Zheng, B. (2001). Health behavior changes after colon cancer: a comparison of findings from face-to-face and on-line focus groups. Family and Community Health, 24, 88–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castro, J., Zanini, M., Goncalves, B. d. S. B., Coelho, F. M., Bressan, R., Bittencourt, L., … & Tufik, S. (2015). Circadian rest-activity rhythm in individuals at risk for psychosis and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 168, 50–55. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.024CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correll, C. U., Penzner, J. B., Lencz, T., Auther, A., Smith, C. W., Malhotra, A. K., … & Cornblatt, B. A. (2007). Early identification and high-risk strategies for bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disorders, 9, 324–338. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00487.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curran, J., Parry, G. D., Hardy, G. E., Darling, J., Mason, A. M., & Chambers, E. (2019). How does therapy harm? A model of adverse process using task analysis in the meta-synthesis of service users’ experience. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 347. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00347CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Das Gupta, R., & Guest, J. F. (2002). Annual cost of bipolar disorder to UK society. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 227–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, A. L., Mansell, W., Bentall, R. P., & Tai, S. (2011). Do extreme beliefs about internal states predict mood swings in an analogue sample? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 35, 497–504. doi: 10.1007/s10608-010-9342-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duffy, A., Alda, M., Hajek, T., Sherry, S. B., & Grof, P. (2010). Early stages in the development of bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 121, 127–135. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.05.022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edinger, J. D., & Wohlgemuth, W. K. (2001). Psychometric comparisons of the standard and abbreviated DBAS-10 versions of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep questionnaire. Sleep Medicine, 2, 493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, E., Kupfer, D. J., Thase, M. E., Mallinger, A. G., Swartz, H. A., Fagiolini, A. M., … & Monk, T. (2005). Two-year outcomes for interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in individuals with bipolar I disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 996–1004. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.996CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frank, E., Swartz, H. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2000). Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: managing the chaos of bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 593–604. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00969-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruber, J., Miklowitz, D. J., Harvey, A. G., Frank, E., Kupfer, D., Thase, M. E., … & Ketter, T. A. (2011). Sleep matters: sleep functioning and course of illness in bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 134, 416–420. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.016CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, A. G. (2002). A cognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 869–893.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, A. G., Kaplan, K. A., & Soehner, A. M. (2015a). Interventions for sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 10, 101–105. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvey, A. G., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., & Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Processes Across Psychological Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Research and Treatment. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advances Nursing, 32, 1008–1015.Google Scholar
Healy, D., & Williams, J. M. (1989). Moods, misattributions and mania: an interaction of biological and psychological factors in the pathogenesis of mania. Psychiatric Developments, 7(1), 49–70.Google Scholar
Hsiung, R. C. (2000). The best of both worlds: an online self-help group hosted by a mental health professional. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 935–950. doi: 10.1089/109493100452200CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, E. E. (1979). The rocky road from acts to dispositions. American Psychologist, 34, 107–117. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.34.2.107Google Scholar
Jones, J., & Hunter, D. (1995). Consensus methods for medical and health services research. British Medical Journal, 311, 376–380.Google Scholar
Jones, S. (2001). Circadian rhythms, multilevel models of emotion and bipolar disorder--an initial step towards integration? Clinical Psychology Reviews, 21(8), 1193–1209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahn, M., Sheppes, G., & Sadeh, A. (2013). Sleep and emotions: bidirectional links and underlying mechanisms. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 89, 218–228. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.010Google ScholarPubMed
Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2006). Consulting the oracle: ten lessons from using the Delphi technique in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53, 205–212. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03716.xGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, R. E., Dodd, A. L., & Mansell, W. (2017). ‘When my moods drive upward there is nothing I can do about it’: a review of extreme appraisals of internal states and the bipolar spectrum. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1235. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01235CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlands, R. L., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., & Kitchener, B. A. (2008). First aid recommendations for psychosis: using the Delphi method to gain consensus between mental health consumers, carers, and clinicians. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34, 435–443. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbm099CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Law, H., & Morrison, A. P. (2014). Recovery in psychosis: a Delphi study with experts by experience. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40, 1347–1355. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu047CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levin, F. R., & Hennessy, G. (2004). Bipolar disorder and substance abuse. Biological Psychiatry, 56, 738–748. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manber, R., Edinger, J. D., Gress, J. L., San Pedro-Salcedo, M. G., Kuo, T. F., & Kalista, T. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia enhances depression outcome in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia. Sleep, 31, 489–495.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mansell, W. (2006). The Hypomanic Attitudes and Positive Predictions Inventory (HAPPI): a pilot study to select cognitions that are elevated in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to non-clinical controls. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 467. doi: 10.1017/s1352465806003109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mansell, W., & Lam, D. (2003). Conceptualizing a cycle of ascent into mania: a case report. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 31, 363–367. doi: 10.1017/s1352465803003102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansell, W., Morrison, A. P., Reid, G., Lowens, I., & Tai, S. (2007). The interpretation of, and responses to, changes in internal states: an integrative cognitive model of mood swings and bipolar disorders. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 35, 515–539. doi: 10.1017/s1352465807003827Google Scholar
McKenna, H. P. (1994). The Delphi technique: a worthwhile research approach for nursing? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19, 1221–1225. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01207.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morin, C. M., Stone, J., Trinkle, D., Mercer, J., & Remsberg, S. (1993). Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep among older adults with and without insomnia complaints. Psychology and Aging, 8, 463–467.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morin, C. M., Vallieres, A., & Ivers, H. (2007). Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS): validation of a brief version (DBAS-16). Sleep, 30, 1547–1554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrison, A. P., & Barratt, S. (2010). What are the components of CBT for psychosis? A Delphi study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36, 136–142. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbp118CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, C. J. L., & Lopez, A. D. (1997). Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. The Lancet, 349, 1436–1442. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07495-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE]. (2014). Bipolar disorder: assessment and management. NICE Clinical Guideline 185. Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg185/chapter/1-recommendations (updated edition).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ng, T. H., Chung, K. F., Ho, F. Y., Yeung, W. F., Yung, K. P., & Lam, T. H. (2015). Sleep-wake disturbance in interepisode bipolar disorder and high-risk individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 20, 46–58. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.06.006Google Scholar
Plante, D. T., & Winkelman, J. W. (2008). Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder: therapeutic implications. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 830–843. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08010077CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Power, M. J., & Dalgleish, T. (1997). Cognition and Emotion: From Order to Disorder. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Ritter, P. S., Hofler, M., Wittchen, H. U., Lieb, R., Bauer, M., Pfennig, A., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2015). Disturbed sleep as risk factor for the subsequent onset of bipolar disorder – data from a 10-year prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 68, 76–82. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosa, A. R., Comes, M., Torrent, C., Sole, B., Reinares, M., Pachiarotti, I., … & Vieta, E. (2013). Biological rhythm disturbance in remitted bipolar patients. International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, 1, 1–6. doi: 10.1186/2194-7511-1-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roth, T., & Ancoli-Israel, S. (1999). Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. II. Sleep, 22 (suppl 2), S354–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowe, G., & Wright, G. (2001). Expert opinions in forecasting: the role of the Delphi technique. Principles of Forecasting, 30, 125–144. doi: 10.1007/978-0-306-47630-3_7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terwee, C. B., Prinsen, C. A. C., Chiarotto, A., Westerman, M. J., Patrick, D. L., Alonso, J., … & Mokkink, L. B. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a Delphi study. Quality of Life Research, 27, 1159–1170. doi: 10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.