Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T17:14:43.711Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Targeting Opportunities for Change: Mental Health Promotion in Primary Care

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2014

Vivienne C. Tippett
Vivienne C. Tippett*
Affiliation:
University of Queensland
*
Vivienne Tippett, Brian Elton & Associates Pty Ltd, PO Box 1488, Bondi Junction NSW 2022, Austrlalia. Tel: (02) 387 2600, Facsimile: (02) 387 2557
Get access

Abstract

National policy directions currently provide an environment in which mental health promotion activities can be widely supported in health and related arenas. Several recent national reports have identified the importance of primary care, especially in general practice settings, as the principal point of entry to the Australian health care system. A broad overview of the current policy climate prefaces a discussion of the opportunities for mental health promotion in the primary care sector, focusing on general practice settings and using depression as an example. Implications and consequences related to training of the mental health workforce, with special reference to roles for psychologists are discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for future directions in mental health promotion and prevention research in primary care.

Type
Research Article
Information
Behaviour Change , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 153 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington, DC: Author.Google Scholar
Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council. (1994). National Mental Health Report. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Australian Health Ministers Conference. (1992a). National Mental Health Policy. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Australian Health Ministers Conference. (1992b). National Mental Health Plan. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Barrett, J.E., Barrett, J.A., Oxham, T., & Gerber, P. (1988). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a primary care practice. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 1100–1106.Google Scholar
Bowers, J., Jorm, A.F., Henderson, A.S., & Harris, P. (1990). General practitioners' detection of depression and dementia in elderly patients. The Medical Journal of Australia, 153, 192–196.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, N., Friedman, R.M., & Silver, S.E. (1990). The epidemiology of childhood psychiatric disorders: Prevalence findings from recent studies. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(1), 76–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridges, K.W., & Goldberg, D. (1987). Somatic presentations of depressive illness in primary care. In Freeling, P., Downey, L.J., & Malkin, J.C. (Eds.), The presentation of depression. Occasional Paper. Royal College of General Practitioners, 36, 9–11.Google Scholar
Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. (1990). Periodic health examination, 1990 update: 2. Early detection of depression and prevention of suicide. Canadian Medical Association Journal 142, 1233–1238.Google Scholar
Caplan, G. (1964). Principles of preventive psychiatry. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Carr, V., & Donovan, D. (1992). Psychiatry in general practice. A pilot scheme using the liaison-attachment model. The Medical Journal of Australia, 156, 379–382.Google Scholar
Chapman, M., (1994). Depression campaign to target GPs and public. Australian Doctor, 20th 05, p. 18.Google Scholar
Connell, H.B., Irvine, L., & Rodney, J. (1982). Psychiatric disorders in Queensland primary school children. Australian Pediatric Journal, 18, 177–188.Google Scholar
Copeland, J.R.M. (1987). Prevalence of psychiatric illness in community care. In Freeling, P., Downey, L.J., & Malkin, J.C. (Eds.), The presentation of depression. Occasional Paper. Royal College of General Practitioners 36, 5–6.Google Scholar
DelVecchio-Good, M.J., Good, B.J., & Cleary, P.D. (1987). Do patient attitudes influence physician recognition of psychosocial problems in primary care? The Journal of Family Practice, 25(1), 53–59.Google Scholar
Dryman, A., & Eaton, W.W. (1991). Affective symptoms associated with the onset of major depression in the community: Findings from the US National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 84, 1–5.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, L. (1981). A research framework for evaluating the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental illness. Public Health Reports, 96(1), 3–19.Google Scholar
Ford, D.E., & Kamerow, D.B. (1990). Screening for psychiatric and substance abuse disorders in clinical practice. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 5 (Suppl. 09./Oct.), S37–S41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frame, P.S. (1986). A critical review of adult health maintenance: Part 4. Prevention of metabolic, behavioral and miscellaneous conditions. Journal of Family Practice, 23, 29–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Freeling, P., Rao, B.M., & Paykel, E.S. (1985). Unrecognised depression in general practice. British Medical Journal, 290, 1880–1883.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D., & Tantam, D. (Eds.). (1990). The public health impact of mental disorder. Toronto: Hogrefe and Huber Publishers.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D., & Huxley, P. (1980). Mental illness in the community. The pathway to psychiatric care. London: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Health Targets and Implementation (Health For All) Committee. (1988). Health for all Australians. Report to the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council and the Australian Health Ministers Conference. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
House, A. (1988). Mood disorders in the psychiatrically ill — problems of definition and measurement. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 32, 345–353.Google Scholar
Johnson, J., Weissman, M.M., & Kierman, G.L. (1992). Service utilization and social morbidity associated with depressive symptoms in the community. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(11), 1478–1483.Google Scholar
Johnstone, A, & Goldberg, D. (1976). Psychiatric screening in general practice. A controlled trial. The Lancet, 03 20, 605–608.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamerow, D.B. (1987). Is screening for mental health problems worthwhile in family practice? An affirmative view. The Journal of Family Practice, 25(2), 181–183.Google Scholar
Kavan, M.G., Pace, T.M., Ponterotto, J., & Barone, E.J. (1990). Screening for depression: Use of patient questionnaires. Australian Family Practice, 47(3), 897–904.Google Scholar
Kupfer, D.J., Frank, E., & Perel, J.M. (1990). The advantage of early treatment intervention in recurrent depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 771–775.Google Scholar
Macgruder-Habib, K., Zung, W.W.K., & Feussner, J.R. (1990). Improving physicians' recognition and treatment of depression in general medical care. Results from a randomised clinical trial. Medical Care, 28(3), 239–250.Google Scholar
Meakin, C.J. (1992). Screening for depression in the medically ill. The future of paper and pencil tests. British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 212–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNamara, K., & Lewin, T. (1989). General practitioners' recognition and management of psychiatric illness. The Medical Journal of Australia, 151, 250–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Health Strategy. (1993a). Help where help is needed. Melbourne: Treble Press.Google Scholar
National Health Strategy. (1993b). Pathways to better health. Melbourne: Treble Press.Google Scholar
National Mental Health Policy. Australian Health Ministers Conference (1992a). National Mental Health Policy. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Nutbeam, D., Wise, M., Bauman, A., Harris, E., & Leeder, S. (1993). Goals and targets for Australia's health in the year 2000 and beyond. Sydney: Department of Public Health, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Ormel, J., Koetner, M.W., van den Brink, J., & van de Willige, G. (1990). The extent of non-recognition of mental health problems in primary care and its effect on management and outcome. In Goldberg, D., & Tantam, D. (Eds.), The public health impact of mental disorder. Toronto: Hogrefe and Huber.Google Scholar
Ostman, O. (1991). Child and adolescent psychiatric patients in adulthood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandanavica, 84, 40–45.Google Scholar
Pincus, H.A., Strain, J., Huopt, J.L., & Gise, L.H. (1983). Models of mental health training in primary care. Journal of the American Medical Association, 249, 3065–3068.Google Scholar
Prestidge, B.R., & Lake, C.R. (1987). Prevalence and recognition of depression among primary care outpatients. The Journal of Family Practice 25(1), 67–72.Google Scholar
Raphael, B. (1992). Scope for Prevention in Mental Health. National Health and Medical Research Council. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
REARK. (1993). Community attitudes to mental health. Parts I & II. Sydney: New South Wales Health.Google Scholar
Rutz, W., Carlsson, P., vonKnorring, L., & Walinder, J. (1992). Cost-benefit analysis of an educational program for general practitioners by the Swedish Committee for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85, 457–464.Google Scholar
Rutz, W., vonKnorring, L., & Walinder, J. (1992). Long-term effects of an educational program for general practitioners given by the Swedish Committee for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression. Aera Psychiatrica Scandinavica 85, 83–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutz, W., Walinder, J., & Eberhard, G. (1989). An educational program on depressive disorders for general practitioners on Gotland: Background and evaluation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 19–26.Google Scholar
Saltman, D., Webster, I.W., & Therm, G.A. (1989). Older persons' definitions of good health: Implications for general practitioners. The Medical Journal of Australia, 150, 426–428.Google Scholar
Sameroff, A.J., & Fiese, B.H. (1990). Conceptual issues in prevention. In Schaffer, D., Phillips, I., & Enzer, N.B. (Eds.), Prevention of mental disorders, alcohol and other drug use in children and adolescents (pp. 24–53). Monograph 2, Rockville, MD: Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services.Google Scholar
Sanson-Fisher, R., & Hennrikus, D.J. (1988). Why do primary care physicians often fail to detect psychological disturbance in their patients? In Henderson, A.S., & Burrows, G.D. (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychiatry (pp. 245–256). Amsterdam: Elselvier Science.Google Scholar
Sanson-Fisher, R.W., Bowman, J.S., & Leeder, S.R. (1992). Prevention in clinical practice. The Medical Journal of Australia, 156, 03 16, 397–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sartorius, N., & Henderson, A.S. (1992). The neglect of prevention in psychiatry. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 26, 550–559.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sawyer, M.G., Sarris, A., Baghurst, P.A., Cornish, C.A., & Kalucy, R.S. (1990). The prevalence of emotional and behavior disorders and patterns of service utilisation in children and adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 24, 323–330.Google Scholar
Solomon, S., Buckingham, B., & Epstein, M. (1993). Report of Consultancy for the Mental Health Workforce Committee on Medical Workforce Funding Arrangements. Canberra: Department of Human Services and Health.Google Scholar
Strain, J., & Hammerman, D. (1978). Ombudsmen (medical-psychiatric) rounds. An approach to meeting patient-staff needs. Annals of Internal Medicine, 88, 550–555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strathdee, G. (1987). Primary care — psychiatry interaction: A British perspective. General Hospital Psychiatry, 9, 102–110.Google Scholar
Strathdee, G., & Williams, P. (1986). A survey of psychiatrists in primary care: The silent growth of a new service. Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 34, 615–618.Google Scholar
Tippett, V., Elvy, G., Hardy, J., & Raphael, B. (1993). Mental health in Australia: A review of current activities and future directions. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.Google Scholar
Tippett, V. (1993). Developing models for the early detection and treatment of depression in the elderly: A qualitative analysis of the literature on secondary prevention in primary care settings. Master of Public Health Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Tryer, P., Ferguson, B., & Wadsworth, J. (1990). Liaison psychiatry in general practice: The comprehensive collaborative model. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 81, 359–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wells, K.B., Hays, R.D., Burnam, A., Rogers, W., Greenfield, S., & Ware, J.E. (1989). Detection of depressive disorder for patients receiving prepaid or fee for service care. Journal of the American Medical Association 262, 3298–3302.Google Scholar
Wilson, J.M., & Junger, G. (1968). Principles and practice of screening for disease. Public Health Papers (Vol. 34). Geneva: World Health Organisation.Google Scholar
Woolf, S.H., Kamerow, D.B., & Lawrence, R.S. (1990). The periodic health examination of older adults: The recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force. Part II. Screening tests. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 933–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zung, W. (1965). A self-rated depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63–70.Google Scholar